Notes

Sensory Correlates involving Cognitive Complications within Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy People: Any Resting-State fMRI Review.
82, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.74-0.91) and women (PR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.80-0.97). The PR was greatly attenuated after adjusting for educational attainment in both men (PR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.83-1.02) and women (PR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.89-1.08), and the significant association disappeared. Low childhood SEP is thus associated with lower sports group participation among older Japanese, though this may be attenuated by education. These findings suggest that it may be necessary to consider childhood SEP and the importance of education to increase sports group participation at an older age. © 2020 The Authors.Most empirical economic research is conducted with the goal of providing scientific evidence that will be informative in assessing causal relationships of interest based on relevant counterfactuals. The implementation of regression methods in this context is ubiquitous. With this as motivation, we detail a comprehensive regression-based potential outcomes framework for causal modeling, estimation and inference. This framework facilitates rigorous specification of the effect parameter of interest and makes clear the sense in which it is causally interpretable, when appropriately defined in a potential outcomes setting. It also serves to crystallize the conditions under which the effect parameter and the underlying regression parameters are identified. The consistent sample analog estimator of the effect parameter is discussed. Juxtaposing this framework with a stylized version of a commonly implemented and routinely applied modeling and estimation protocol reveals how the latter is deficient in recognizing, and fully accounting for, conditions required for identification of the relevant effect parameter and the causal interpretability of estimation results. In the context of an example, we demonstrate the conceptual advantages of this general potential outcomes framework for regression modeling by showing how it resolves fundamental shortcomings in the conventional approach to characterizing and remedying omitted variable bias.Ranunculus ternatus is a traditional Chinese medicine with an anticancer effect, but its underlying mechanism is unknown. In this study, we demonstrated by MTT assay that ethyl acetate extract (RTE) from R. ternatus exerts cytotoxic effects on human T cell lymphoma Jurkat cells. Then, to test the apoptosis induction ability of RTE to induce apoptosis, we analyzed phosphatidylserine exposure, DNA fragmentation, and caspase cleavage. RTE induced phosphatidylserine exposure and caspase-7 cleavage, but not caspase-3 cleavage. Sub-G1 cells were accumulated but DNA fragmentation was not observed. A pan-caspase inhibitor Z-Asp-CH2-DCB suppressed RTE-induced caspase cleavage and the above-described events. RTE also induced cell death in caspase-3 null human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, indicating that RTE-induced apoptotic-like cell death depends on the activation of one or more caspases, but not caspase-3. Moreover, RTE-induced cell death was not suppressed in Bcl-2 overexpressing Jurkat cells, suggesting that mitochondria were not involved in RTE-induced cell death. In conclusion, RTE-induced cell death was independent of mitochondria and dependent on caspase-7. © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020.During the course of survey, an incidence of 7.14-90% of apple mosaic disease (AMD) was recorded in apple orchards in Jammu and Kashmir among various commercially grown cultivars. The maximum incidence of mosaic disease was observed in cultivar Golden Delicious. In addition to mosaic, symptoms of chlorosis, necrosis and ring spots were also observed. In the present study association of Apple necrotic mosaic virus (ApNMV) was confirmed by RT-PCR and sequencing of whole coat protein gene in samples tested negative for Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) in DAS-ELISA. Out of 18 samples tested in RT-PCR, ten were found positive for ApNMV. Out of ten ApNMV positive samples, amplicon of 680 bp of samples representing five cultivars were sequenced and sequence analysis showed 89-91% sequence identity with ApNMV. The phylogenetic analysis grouped Indian isolates into two sub-clusters under one major cluster (ApNMV group). The sub-cluster-I, included ApNMV isolates from cultivars, Oregon Spur, Red Delicious and Fuji Aztec along with Chinese and Korean isolates. Sub-cluster-II included ApNMV isolates associated with Golden Delicious and Royal Delicious. The comparison of coat protein gene-based sequence identity matrix showed maximum and minimum similarity of 89-99% with ApNMV isolates from China. It also showed maximum identity with PNRSV (61.6%) and ApMV (52.8%) under subgroup 3 of genus Illarvirus. Our study indicates that the ApNMV is commonly associated with AMD in India and may be a major cause of the mosaic disease in apple cultivars. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the association of ApNMV with apple mosaic disease from India. © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020.Based on C (wild) to T (mutant) transition at amino acid position 1432 bp of lpa1-1 gene, two dominant markers each specific to wild type (LPA1) and mutant (lpa1-1) allele were developed and validated across seven F2 populations. Joint segregation of these markers behaved in co-dominant fashion, clearly distinguishing heterozygote from two other homozygote genotypes. Full length sequence alignment between wild type (LPA2) and mutant (lpa2-1) allele revealed one transition mutation (A to G) and a co-dominant CAPS marker was developed which differentiated all three types of segregants across seven F2 populations. Across populations, segregants with lpa1-1/lpa1-1 (1.77 mg/g) and lpa2-1/lpa2-1 (1.85 mg/g) possessed significantly lower phytic acid compared to LPA1/LPA1 (2.58 mg/g) and LPA2/LPA2 (2.53 mg/g). Inorganic phosphorus was however higher in recessive homozygotes (lpa1-1/lpa1-1 0.77 mg/g, lpa2-1/lpa2-1 0.53 mg/g) than the dominant homozygotes (LPA1/LPA1 0.33 mg/g, LPA2/LPA2 0.19 mg/g). Overall, homozygous segregants of lpa1-1 and lpa2-1 showed 31% and 27% reduction of phytic acid, respectively. Analysis of phytate and inorganic phosphorous in the maize kernel in these segregating populations confirmed co-segregation of trait and markers specific to lpa1-1 and lpa2-1. This is the first report of the development of breeder-friendly gene-based markers for lpa1-1 and lpa2-1; and it holds great significance for maize biofortification. © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020.Telosma mosaic virus (TeMV) is an important plant virus causing considerable economic losses to passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) production worldwide, including China. In this study, the complete genome sequence (excluding the poly (A) tail) of two TeMV isolates, Fuzhou and Wuyishan, were determined to be 10,050 and 10,057 nucleotides, respectively. Sequence analysis indicated that Fuzhou and Wuyishan isolates share 78-98% nucleotide and 83-99% amino acid sequence identities with two TeMV isolates of Hanoi and GX, and a proposed new potyvirus, tentatively named PasFru. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these TeMV isolates and PasFru were clustered into a monophyletic clade with high confidences. This indicated that PasFru and the four TeMV isolates should be considered as one potyvirus species. Two recombination breakpoints were identified within the CI and NIb genes of the Fuzhou isolate, and also within the P1 gene of the Wuyishan isolate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of TeMV recombinants worldwide. © 2020 Xie et al.Background and Objectives While the impact of maternal factors on birth outcomes are widely reported, the extent to which paternal involvement and varying cultural family dynamics influence birth outcomes particularly in an international context, remain understudied. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between paternal involvement and adverse birth outcomes in South Gujarat, India. Methods An in-person questionnaire was administered to adult women at delivery or during the one-month postpartum visit at New Civil Hospital, in South Gujarat, India between May and June 2016 to assess level of paternal support and attendance at prenatal appointments and household structure. Pregnancy variables including birthweight and gestational age at delivery were collected from maternal and newborn record/chart review. Chi-square and t-test were used to assess demographics, as appropriate. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between paternal involvement and pregnancy birth outcomes. Rions and how they may influence paternal involvement during pregnancy. Copyright © 2020 Godbole et al.Children with neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDD) suffer poor oral health problems (OHP) leading to adverse health outcomes. We examined the association between NDD and OHP among children in the United States (US) ages 3-17 years using data from the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) 2016-17. The prevalence of OHP was 19.1%. Children with NDD had about 40% greater likelihood of poor oral health compared to their non-NDD counterparts (p less then 0.0001). Living at or above 200%-300% of the federal poverty level (FPL), private insurance coverage, and living with a least a college educated adult were found to be protective factors against poor oral health among children. Copyright © 2020 Yusuf et al.The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between fetal stillbirth and advanced maternal age in the United States (US). This was a population-based study using the Natality and Fetal Death datasets for the years 2003-2017. We built Cox proportional regression models to examine the likelihood of stillbirth among women aged ≥40 years. Out of a total of 57,273,305 births, stillbirth was observed in 302,522, yielding a stillbirth rate of 5 per 1000. After adjusting for confounders, women of advanced age (≥40 years) had a 40-50% greater risk of stillbirth compared to women 20-29 years of age. Copyright © 2020 Dongarwar et al.To estimate the risk of stillbirth following infertility treatment in the United States (US), we analyzed data from the US Natality and Fetal Death files from 2014 to 2017. We built Cox proportional regression models to generate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for the risk of stillbirth among women who utilized various modalities of infertility treatment within the study period. Women who used any infertility treatment and, specifically, assisted reproductive technology (ART), had an elevated risk of stillbirth (HR 1.21, 95% CI1.09 -1.33) compared to women who did not use ART. We concluded that in this population, the risk of stillbirth was elevated among women using infertility treatment. Copyright © 2020 Dongarwar and Salihu.We examined the trends in stillbirth across gestational age in the United States (US).We conducted a trend analysis using the U.S. Natality and Fetal Death datasets covering 1982 and 2017. We compared the incidence and rates of stillbirth for term, all preterm, moderate-to-late preterm, very preterm, and extreme preterm phenotypes. The incidence of stillbirth decreased for the entire birth cohort over the 36-year period. The rates of overall, term, all preterm, very preterm and moderate-to-late preterm stillbirth decreased from 1982 to 2017; however, the rates for extreme preterm stillbirth increased by about 7.6% over the same study period. Copyright © 2020 Dongarwar et al.
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