Notes

For the 3 dimensional Character of the Magpie (Aves: Pica pica) Useful Hindlimb Physiology During the Take-Off Hop.
The inhibition of factor XIa (FXIa) is a trending paradigm for the development of new generations of anticoagulants without a substantial risk of bleeding. In this report, we present the discovery of a benzyl tetra-phosphonate derivative as a potent and selective inhibitor of human FXIa. Biochemical screening of four phosphonate/phosphate derivatives has led to the identification of the molecule that inhibited human FXIa with an IC50 value of ∼7.4 μM and a submaximal efficacy of ∼68 %. The inhibitor was at least 14-fold more selective to FXIa over thrombin, factor IXa, factor Xa, and factor XIIIa. It also inhibited FXIa-mediated activation of factor IX and prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time of human plasma. In Michaelis-Menten kinetics experiment, inhibitor 1 reduced the VMAX of FXIa hydrolysis of a chromogenic substrate without significantly affecting its KM suggesting an allosteric mechanism of inhibition. The inhibitor also disrupted the formation of FXIa - antithrombin complex and inhibited thrombin-mediated and factor XIIa-mediated formation of FXIa from its zymogen factor XI. Inhibitor 1 has been proposed to bind to or near the heparin/polyphosphate-binding site in the catalytic domain of FXIa. Overall, inhibitor 1 is the first benzyl tetraphosphonate small molecule that allosterically inhibits human FXIa, blocks its physiological function, and prevents its zymogen activation by other clotting factors under in vitro conditions. Thus, we put forward benzyl tetra-phosphonate 1 as a novel lead inhibitor of human FXIa to guide future efforts in the development of allosteric anticoagulants.Absorption and capture of CO2 directly from sources represents one of the major tools to reduce its emission in the troposphere. One of the possibilities is to incorporate CO2 inside a liquid exploiting its propensity to react with amino groups to yield carbamic acid or carbamates. A particular class of ionic liquids, based on amino acids, appear to represent a possible efficient medium for CO2 capture because, at difference with current industrial setups, they have the appeal of a biocompatible and environmentally benign solution. We have investigated, by means of highly accurate computations, the feasibility of the reaction that incorporates CO2 in an amino acid anion with a protic side chain and ultimately transforms it into a carbamate derivative. Through an extensive exploration of the possible reaction mechanisms, we have found that different prototypes of amino acid anions present barrierless reaction mechanisms toward CO2 absorption.Achieving oscillatory motion in polymers without requiring on/off switching of stimuli is a current challenge. Hereby, a free-standing liquid crystal polymer (LCP) is demonstrated to undergo a sustained oscillatory motion when triggered by light, moving back and forth, resembling the motion of a rocking-chair. Two polymer films having different azobenzene photo-switches have been studied, revealing photoswitch requirements as well as illumination conditions necessary to sustain oscillations. The motion presented here shows how feedback loops involving light-triggered actuation, self-shadowing and a shifting center of gravity can be utilized to achieve self-sustained motion in free-standing polymers.Recent decades have been marked by enormous progress in the field of synthesis and chemistry of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), an important platform chemical widely recognized as the "sleeping giant" of sustainable chemistry. This multifunctional furanic compound is viewed as a strong link for the transition from the current fossil-based industry to a sustainable one. However, the low chemical stability of HMF significantly undermines its synthetic potential. A possible solution to this problem is synthetic diversification of HMF by modifying it into more stable multifunctional building blocks for further synthetic purposes.Co/SSZ-13 zeolites were prepared by heating the finely dispersed mixture of NH4-SSZ-13 and different cobalt salts up to 550 °C. Investigations by thermogravimetry - differential scanning calorimetry - mass spectrometry provided new insight into details of the solid-state reaction. Formation of Co carrying hydrate melt or volatile species was shown to proceed from chloride, nitrate, or acetylacetonate Co precursor salts upon thermal treatment. This phase change allows the transport of the Co species into the zeolite pores. The reaction of the NH4+ or H+ zeolite cations and the mobile Co precursors generates vapor or gas products, readily leaving the zeolite pores, and cobalt ions in lattice positions suggesting that solid-state ion-exchange is the prevailing process. The obtained catalysts are of good activity and N2 selectivity in the CH4/NO-SCR reaction. The thermal treatment of acetate or formate salts give solid intermediates that are unable to get in contact and react with the cations in the zeolite micropores. These catalysts contain mainly Co-oxide clusters located on the outer surface of the zeolite crystallites and have poor catalytic performance.In an effort to better represent aerosol transport in mesoscale and global-scale models, large eddy simulations (LES) from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Turbulence with Particles (NTLP) code are used to develop a Markov chain random walk model that predicts aerosol particle profiles in a cloud-free marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL). Immunology activator The evolution of vertical concentration profiles are simulated for a range of aerosol particle sizes and in a neutral and an unstable boundary layer. For the neutral boundary layer we find, based on the LES statistics and a specific model time step, that there exist significant correlation for particle positions, meaning that particles near the bottom of the boundary are more likely to remain near the bottom of the boundary layer than being abruptly transported to the top, and vice versa. For the unstable boundary layer, a similar time interval exhibits a weaker tendency for an aerosol particle to remain close to its current location compared to the neutral case due to the strong nonlocal convective motions. In the limit of a large time interval, particles have been mixed throughout the MABL and virtually no temporal correlation exists. We leverage this information to parameterize a Markov chain random walk model that accurately predicts the evolution of vertical concentration profiles. The new methodology has significant potential to be applied at the subgrid level for coarser-scale weather and climate models, the utility of which is shown by comparison to airborne field data and global aerosol models.The MONterey Aerosol Research Campaign (MONARC) in May-June 2019 featured 14 repeated identical flights off the California coast over the open ocean at the same time each flight day. The objective of this study is to use MONARC data along with machine learning analysis to evaluate relationships between both supermicrometer sea salt aerosol number (N>1) and volume (V>1) concentrations and wind speed, wind direction, sea surface temperature (SST), ambient temperature (Tamb), turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), relative humidity (RH), marine boundary layer (MBL) depth, and drizzle rate. Selected findings from this study include the following (i) Near surface (1.Direct decoding of speech from the brain is a faster alternative to current electroencephalography (EEG) speller-based brain-computer interfaces (BCI) in providing communication assistance to locked-in patients. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) has recently shown great potential as a non-invasive neuroimaging modality for neural speech decoding, owing in part to its spatial selectivity over other high-temporal resolution devices. Standard MEG systems have a large number of cryogenically cooled channels/sensors (200 - 300) encapsulated within a fixed liquid helium dewar, precluding their use as wearable BCI devices. Fortunately, recently developed optically pumped magnetometers (OPM) do not require cryogens, and have the potential to be wearable and movable making them more suitable for BCI applications. This design is also modular allowing for customized montages to include only the sensors necessary for a particular task. As the number of sensors bears a heavy influence on the cost, size, and weight of MEG systems, minimizing the number of sensors is critical for designing practical MEG-based BCIs in the future. In this study, we sought to identify an optimal set of MEG channels to decode imagined and spoken phrases from the MEG signals. Using a forward selection algorithm with a support vector machine classifier we found that nine optimally located MEG gradiometers provided higher decoding accuracy compared to using all channels. Additionally, the forward selection algorithm achieved similar performance to dimensionality reduction using a stacked-sparse-autoencoder. Analysis of spatial dynamics of speech decoding suggested that both left and right hemisphere sensors contribute to speech decoding. Sensors approximately located near Broca's area were found to be commonly contributing among the higher-ranked sensors across all subjects.Minimally invasive sacroiliac (SI) joint fusion is indicated for low back pain from the SI joint that is due to degenerative sacroiliitis and/or sacroiliac joint disruption. This technique is safe and effective in relieving pain uncontrolled by nonoperative management1-4. There is some controversy, but there continues to be increasing evidence of effectiveness.
This procedure is performed, with the patient under general anesthesia and in the prone position, using fluoroscopy or 3-dimensional (3D) navigation such as cone-beam computed tomographic (CT) imaging. After navigation setup, a navigated probe is used to approximate the desired location of each implant and trajectory. These positions are marked on the skin, and the skin is incised. A 3 to 5-cm lateral incision is made. The gluteal fascia is bluntly dissected to the outer table of the ilium. A guide pin is passed across the SI joint and into the center of the sacrum lateral to the neural foramina, which is confirmed with imaging. This is then drilled argery is commonly due to nerve root impingement and/or malpositioning.Preoperative 3D imaging is indicated when it is necessary to rule out differential diagnoses that mimic SI joint pain. This enables the surgeon to rule out intrapelvic pathology, assess sacral bone density17, and identify dysmorphic sacra or transitional vertebrae.
Targeting pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics provides a unique opportunity for implementing the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) programs against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of newborn babies. The objective of this study was to assess the PMTCT service utilization rate and to characterize its reasons among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics at selected public health facilities in Debre Berhan Town, Northern Ethiopia.

A facility-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 355 pregnant women from May 1 to June 15, 2019. The participants were selected by systematic random sampling technique, and data were collected using a pretested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics like frequency, mean, and standard deviation were reported using text, table, and graphs.

The mean ages of the respondents were 24 (±5.6) years, and the majority of the respondents (287 (80.8%)) were urban residents. In this study, prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission service utilization rate was 86.
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