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A new relative study phosphate treatment through water making use of Phragmites australis biochars set with diverse steel oxides.
Characteristics of the chronotypes of patients with gastrointestinal disease are unknown. We evaluated chronotypes of patients with upper gastrointestinal diseases with the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ). A total of 2027 subjects from 29 institutions in Japan who had undergone esophagogastroduodenoscopy were asked to answer the MCTQ. The subjects' chronotypes were divided into three groups (early, intermediate, and late chronotype) using the sleep-corrected mid-point of sleep on free days (MSFSC) values. According to their endoscopic diagnosis and abdominal symptoms, the subjects were divided into the reflux esophagitis (RE) group, gastroduodenal ulcer (GDU) group, upper gastrointestinal carcinoma (CA) group, functional dyspepsia (FD) group, non-FD group, and control group. In total, 1128 subjects were eligible for the analysis. The MSFSC (average ± standard deviation, clock hours, h) of each disease group was as follows control group 02.51 ± 1.22, non-FD group 02.69 ± 1.14, FD group 02.91 ± 1.19, RE group 02.58 ± 1.05, GDU group 02.47 ± 1.31, and CA group 02.11 ± 1.08 h. Compared to the control group, the rate of late chronotype of the FD group significantly increased to 33.3%, whereas that of early chronotype of the CA group significantly increased to 38.3% (P = .0177 and 0.0036, respectively). In both the FD and CA groups, chronotype was the independent factor related to the diseases. The adjusted odds ratio of late chronotype to early chronotype was 3.01 [95% CI, 1.23-7.35] in the FD group and 0.44 [95% CI, 0.23-0.85] in the CA group. In conclusion, late chronotype was common in patients with FD, and early chronotype was common in patients with upper gastrointestinal carcinoma.Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease characterized by collagen deposition as a consequence of excessive lung fibroblasts and myofibroblasts proliferation. We aimed to investigate for the first time the effect of rosemary leaf extract rich with carnosic acid (CA) or rosmarinic acid (RA), after industrial elimination of essential oils, against bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis in rats. Male Wistar rats were given a single dose of BLM (4 mg/kg, intratracheal), while CA rich extract, RA rich extract or the combination RA/CA rich extracts (10, 75 and 150 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) were administered 3 day later and continued for 4 weeks. We reveled by HPLC an important similar amount of phenolic compounds such as pyrogallol, vanillic, gallic and ellagic acids in both rosemary extracts. BLM induced lung fibrotic foci and disturbance in superoxide dismutase, catalase and malondialdehyde levels. Bay 11-7085 At 10 mg/kg, both rosemary extracts administrated alone or in combination alleviated synergistically lung fibrosis and ameliorated oxidative changes induced by BLM. In conclusion, industrial elimination of essential oils from rosemary allowed us to obtain two extracts with potent antifibrotic activities due to the large amount of RA and CA that appear much higher and effective than wild rosemary extract.Anthocyanins have good physiological functions, but they are unstable. The interaction between anthocyanins and proteins can improve the stability, nutritional and functional properties of the complex. This paper reviews the structural changes of complex of anthocyanins interacting with proteins from different sources. By circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, it was found that the contents of α-helix (from 15.90%-42.40% to 17.60%-52.80%) or β-sheet (from 29.00%-50.00% to 29.40%-57.00%) of the anthocyanins-proteins complex increased. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the regions of amide I (from 1627.87-1641.41 cm-1 to 1643.34-1651.02 cm-1) and amide II (from 1537.00-1540.25 cm-1 to 1539.00-1543.75 cm-1) of anthocyanins-proteins complex were shifted. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the fluorescence intensity of the complex decreased from 150-5100 to 40-3900 a.u. The thermodynamic analysis showed that there were hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions between anthocyanins and proteins. The kinetic analysis showed that the half-life and activation energy of the complex increased. The stability, antioxidant, digestion, absorption, and emulsification of the complex were improved. This provides a reference for the study and application of anthocyanins and proteins interactions.
There is a growing realisation that anxiety symptoms and disorders during pregnancy are associated with various negative outcomes. The aims of this study were to identify latent classes of anxiety symptom trajectories during pregnancy, compare anxiety levels between pregnancy trimesters and ascertain the predictors of anxiety symptom trajectories.

Two hundred pregnant women in their first trimester who attended obstetric clinics at the local hospital were recruited. Three self-report questionnaires assessing anxiety levels were administered at three time points during pregnancy. Latent class growth analysis was used to identify anxiety symptom trajectories, and logistic regression analysis was performed to ascertain the predictors of latent class membership.

Data for analyses were available for 188 women. Two anxiety symptom trajectories were identified a 'high-anxiety' trajectory (13.3% of participating women) and 'low-anxiety' trajectory (86.7%). This finding was consistent across all the anxiety measures used in the study. Overall, anxiety levels gradually decreased during pregnancy, with a significant decrease between the first and second trimesters on some measures. Past mental disorders and significant stressors in the preceding 6 months predicted membership in the 'high-anxiety' trajectory group.

These findings support an early assessment of anxiety in pregnant women. If untreated, a high level of anxiety in the first trimester is likely to persist throughout pregnancy, although it may decrease somewhat. An early recognition of pathological anxiety during pregnancy allows its timely treatment and prevention of unfavourable outcomes.
These findings support an early assessment of anxiety in pregnant women. If untreated, a high level of anxiety in the first trimester is likely to persist throughout pregnancy, although it may decrease somewhat. An early recognition of pathological anxiety during pregnancy allows its timely treatment and prevention of unfavourable outcomes.This study explored refugee children's ways of coping focusing on their strengths. The present study involved 26 students, 8 Iraqi Kurds, 6 Afghans, and 12 from Syria attending reception classes (called early morning reception zone) in the morning program of two Greek Elementary schools. Data were gathered using semi-structured interviews. This study using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) explored the subjective narratives of the participating refugee children. Three superordinate themes relating to the aims of the current research emerged from the data (1) caring relationships, (2) a place of (and for) safety and (3) new perspectives. Supportive family bonds, being securely resettled with other family members, security of housing and opportunities to study in a supportive school environment were found to be factors which either reduced significant stressors or ameliorated the effects of adverse childhood experiences as regards this study's participants.General diagnosis of poultry viruses primarily relies on detection of viruses in samples, but many farms are located in remote areas requiring logistic transportation. Filter paper cards are a useful technology that offer an alternative for collecting and preserving samples without hazardous exposure. The goal of this study was to compare three filter papers the Flinders Technology Associates filter (FTA®) card, dried blood spot (DBS) card and qualitative filter paper (FP) grade 2 to collect poultry samples. In particular, we have used Newcastle disease virus (NDV) to evaluate safety and a Marek's disease virus (MDV) attenuated vaccine (CVI988) to evaluate stability of viral DNA. This experiment was divided into two parts. The first part was to determine the DNA stability and detection limit of CVI988 in samples collected in different paper supports after four storage times (3, 7, 14 and 30 days post spot). The second part was to determine the safety of papers by evaluating the viral inactivation efficacy using NDV as a representative virus. Results showed that all papers could preserve CVI988 DNA at all times, with a detection limit of 0.5 PFU/5 µl for FTA® and DBS cards, and 5 PFU/5 µl for FP. Our results showed that the NDV remained viable and infectious on the DBS card and FP, while no viable virus was detected on the FTA® card, suggesting that the FTA® card was safest to use. Therefore, the use of the DBS card and FP for infectious sample collection should be discouraged and reconsidered. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS The detection limits of the FTA® card, DBS card and FP for CVI988 detection were 0.5, 0.5 and 5 PFU/5 µl, respectively. All three filter papers could preserve viral DNA for at least 30 days of post spot. The DBS card and FP are not suitable for collecting NDV samples, which is one of the major economical threats for the poultry industry worldwide.
Withdrawal from psychoactive medication such as quetiapine is a well-documented phenomenon. Despite the extensive use of quetiapine, there have been few studies into the presence of discontinuation symptoms. We therefore performed a systematic review of published literature for evidence of quetiapine withdrawal or symptoms associated with discontinuation.

We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science, PsycINFO for articles containing the terms 'Quetiapine' AND 'withdraw
' OR 'discontinue
'. We included all study types that reported on somatic withdrawal symptoms and had no language restrictions. We excluded studies where there was withdrawal from multiple medications or any other psychoactive substance, or where the only symptoms were psychological such as rebound psychosis or craving.

We included 13 papers, all of which were individual case reports. The quality of the individual case reports was sub-optimal, as assessed by the CARE Case Report Guidelines. There was an association betweeine withdrawal in individuals who present with somatic symptoms or choreiform movements. However, large prospective studies are required to clarify this association.Despite the advent of antiretroviral therapy, people living with HIV suffer from a range of infectious and noninfectious pulmonary complications. HIV impairs antioxidant defenses and innate immune function of the alveolar macrophage by diminishing granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) signaling. Since GM-CSF may be linked to mitochondria, we sought to determine the effects of HIV on GM-CSF receptor expression and alveolar macrophage mitochondrial function. At an academic medical center, studies were completed on alveolar macrophages isolated from both wild-type and HIV transgenic (HIV Tg) rats and human subjects with and without HIV. Primary macrophages were plated and evaluated for expression of GM-CSF receptor beta, phagocytic index, and mitochondrial function in the presence and absence of GM-CSF treatment. GM-CSF receptor expression and mitochondrial function were impaired in macrophages isolated from HIV Tg rats, and treatment with GM-CSF restored GM-CSF receptor expression and mitochondrial function.
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