Notes

Serospatial epidemiology involving zoonotic Coxiella burnetii inside a cross-section involving cows as well as small ruminants in north Africa.
In both cell lines, an increase in apoptosis occurred after incubation with GO and DOX. Although a rate of mortality of MCF-7 cells was due to necrosis, the BT474 cell death was merely through the apoptosis. Furthermore, the results of the colony formation test outlined an enhancing inhibitory effect in the presence of GO-DOX as a comparison to the control. Additionally, spheroids formed following treatment with GO-DOX exhibited a significant decrease compared to their control group, with an increase in the number of spheroids in BT474 cells compared to those in the MCF-7. The decreasing effect of compounds against the migration and cell invasion potential was also observed, being higher in MCF7 than BT474 cells. The effects of cytotoxic GO were observed at higher concentrations.The novel coronavirus disease that arises in the end of 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, has rapidly spread over the globe and was considered as a world pandemic. Currently, various antiviral therapies or vaccines are available, and many researches are ongoing for further treatments. Targeting the coronavirus' main protease (key enzyme 3CLpro) is growing in importance in anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug discovery process. The present study aims at predicting the antiviral activity of two novel compounds using in silico approaches that might become potential leads against SARS-CoV-2. The 3D structures of the new compounds are elucidated by single-crystal X-ray techniques. The interactions between different units of 4 and 5 were emphasized by analyzing their corresponding Hirshfeld surfaces and ESP plots. NBO and FMO analyses were investigated as well. Molecular docking combined with molecular dynamics simulations (MDs) was performed to investigate the binding modes and molecular interactions of 4 and 5 with the amino acids of coronavirus main protease (6LU7) protein. The best docking scores were obtained for both ligands through the major binding interactions via hydrogen/hydrophobic bonds with the key amino acids in the active site HIS41, CYS145, MET49, MET165, HIS172, and GLU166 amino acids. A MD simulation study was also performed for 100 ns to validate the stability behavior of the main protease 3CLpro-ligand complexes. The MD simulation study successfully confirmed the stability of the ligands in the binding site as potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) inhibitors. Additionally, MMPBSA energy of both docked complexes was determined as a validation assay of docking and MD simulations to validate compound conformation and interaction stability with 3CLpro. The synthesized compounds might be helpful in the fight against COVID-19 prior to biological activity confirmation in vitro and in vivo.The relationship between migraine and vision is complex. Besides migraine aura status and persistent visual aura without infarction, recognized by International Headaches Classification 3, cases of persistent monocular alterations have been described in migraineurs. To discuss the role of migraine as a risk factor for persistent monocular visual loss. We present five new cases of persistent monocular visual loss in migraineurs, discuss the differential diagnosis and possible relationship with migraine. Five young healthy patients are reported (three women) with a history of migraine (four with visual aura), that developed persistent monocular visual defects, four during an episode of migraine with aura. All patients were submitted to an extensive investigation. In three patients the scotoma was identified on automated perimetry; one of these patients had retinal hemorrhagic lesions, with fluorescein angiography revealing an isolated retinal vasculitis. In two patients fundoscopy revealed transient cotton wools spots. Except for the patient with retinal vasculitis, etiologic investigation was not conclusive. Monocular visual loss can occur in the setting of multiple pathologies that affect the eye and related structures. Although diseases requiring emergent intervention should always be excluded, we propose migraine should be considered as a contributing factor for unexplained monocular persistent scotoma.Monocular visual loss can occur in the setting of multiple pathologies that affect the eye and related structures. Although diseases requiring emergent intervention should always be excluded, we propose migraine should be considered as a contributing factor for unexplained monocular persistent scotoma.The total concentrations of Cd in bulk sediments and those of the BCR sequential extraction fractions of sediments from inlets of the Four Rivers that feed Dongting Lake were determined using ICP-MS techniques. The results suggested that Cd was heterogeneously distributed in the inlet sediments of the rivers, with the highest degree of enrichment in sediments from the Xiangjiang River. The Cd anomaly was defined as Cd enrichment in sediments with an EF (enrichment factor) > 10.0, and it was identified in the inlet sediments of the Xiangjiang River. Cd in the sediments was dominated by acid-soluble Cd at a proportion of 23.9-69.8 (%) compared to its total concentrations in the sediments. The inlet sediments of the Four Rivers were contaminated with Cd, with the highest degree of contamination in the inlet sediments of the Xiangjiang River. The Cd contamination as well as the Cd anomaly in the sediments were closely related to the industrial activities (e.g. smelting and refining for ore minerals) in the areas, and Cd contamination at high levels may represent an ecological risk for the lake watershed. Cd contamination of the inlet sediments may also impact the lake basin sediments and is harmful to the lake ecological system, particularly for sediments of the Xiangjiang River. Therefore, it is essential to control and treat Cd contamination in the inlet sediments for ecological environmental protection of lake watersheds.The present study investigated the impact of energy- and economy-related variables on CO2 emissions in 49 countries of the Belt and Road Initiative from 1995-2018. The robust type of cross-section dependence and heterogeneity methods was adopted to analyze data set of countries. Energy consumption, foreign direct investment, medium and high-tech industry, and GDP have been found highly unfavorable for the ecological health (CO2 emissions) in 49 nations on BRI panel. However, renewable energy consumption has been found in positive correlation with environmental quality (CO2). Financial development indicator has no significant impact on CO2 emissions in present study. The present outcomes clearly claim strong relationship of economic growth and energy with increased CO2 emissions in 49 nations. Therefore, it is important for policy makers, experts, and governments to incentivize and appreciate portfolio investors for sustainable green investments to transform the economic growth into a sustainable and energy efficient development.Turkey, as an energy importing country, is heavily dependent on fossil fuels, bringing about an escalation in environmental problems and raising concerns regarding energy security. However, biowastes offer a potential solution to these woes, especially in Marmara Region of the country. In this study, the region's potential in terms of the use of waste for energy production is analyzed. Within this context, agricultural and livestock wastes are examined in terms of their amounts, theoretical energy potentials, and associated costs to generate electricity. To evaluate economic costs, collection and feedstock costs for animal and agricultural wastes are used as input in three different scenarios based on FAO's assessment. Based on the waste volumes and energy potentials thereof, it is found that biowastes can theoretically meet more than half of the electricity demand of the region. The results of the cost analysis demonstrate that both direct combustion of agricultural wastes and conversion of animal wastes to biogas in CHP plants to produce electricity are cost-effective in the context of various scenario options, considering the LCOE and feed-in-tariff values.During periods such as the COVID-19 crisis, there is a need for responsive public health surveillance indicators related to the epidemic. To determine the performance of keyword-search algorithm in call reports to emergency medical communication centers (EMCC) to describe trends in symptoms during the COVID-19 crisis. We retrospectively retrieved all free text call reports from the EMCC of the Gironde department (SAMU 33), France, between 2005 and 2020 and classified them with a simple keyword-based algorithm to identify symptoms relevant to COVID-19. A validation was performed using a sample of manually coded call reports. The six selected symptoms were fever, cough, muscle soreness, dyspnea, ageusia and anosmia. We retrieved 38,08,243 call reports from January 2005 to October 2020. A total of 8539 reports were manually coded for validation and Cohen's kappa statistics ranged from 75 (keyword anosmia) to 59% (keyword dyspnea). There was an unprecedented peak in the number of daily calls mentioning fever, cough, muscle soreness, anosmia, ageusia, and dyspnea during the COVID-19 epidemic, compared to the past 15 years. Calls mentioning cough, fever and muscle soreness began to increase from February 21, 2020. The number of daily calls reporting cough reached 208 on March 3, 2020, a level higher than any in the previous 15 years, and peaked on March 15, 2020, 2 days before lockdown. Calls referring to dyspnea, anosmia and ageusia peaked 12 days later and were concomitant with the daily number of emergency room admissions. Trends in symptoms cited in calls to EMCC during the COVID-19 crisis provide insights into the natural history of COVID-19. The content of calls to EMCC is an efficient epidemiological surveillance data source and should be integrated into the national surveillance system.Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by hyperexcitability in the brain. Its pathogenesis is classically associated with an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Calretinin (CR) is one of the three major types of calcium-binding proteins present in inhibitory GABAergic neurons. The functions of CR and its role in neural excitability are still unknown. Recent data suggest that CR neurons have diverse neurotransmitters, morphologies, distributions, and functions in different brain regions across various species. Notably, CR neurons in the hippocampus, amygdala, neocortex, and thalamus are extremely susceptible to excitotoxicity in the epileptic brain, but the causal relationship is unknown. In this review, we focus on the heterogeneous functions of CR neurons in different brain regions and their relationship with neural excitability and epilepsy. Importantly, we provide perspectives on future investigations of the role of CR neurons in epilepsy.
The number of severely injured patients exceeding the age of 60 has shown a steep increase within the last decades. These patients present with numerous co-morbidities, polypharmacy, and increased frailty requiring an adjusted treatment approach. In this study, we establish an overview of changes we observed in demographics of older severe trauma patients from 2002 to 2017.

A descriptive analysis of the data from the TraumaRegister DGU
(TR-DGU) was performed. Patients admitted to a level one trauma center in Germany, Austria and Switzerland between 2002 and 2017, aged 60years or older and with an injury severity score (ISS) over 15 were included. Patients were stratified into subgroups based on the admission 2002-2005 (1), 2006-2009 (2), 2010-2013 (3) and 2014-2017 (4). Trauma and patient characteristics, diagnostics, treatment and outcome were compared.

In total 27,049 patients with an average age of 73.9years met the inclusion criteria. The majority were males (64%), and the mean ISS was 27.4. The proportion of patients 60years or older [(23% (1) to 40% (4)] rose considerably over time.
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