Notes

Entanglement carry along with a nanophotonic software pertaining to atoms within eye tweezers.
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a prototypic genetic condition related to imprinting. Causative mechanisms include paternal 15q11-q13 deletion, maternal chromosome 15 uniparental disomy (UPD15), Prader-Willi Syndrome/Angelman Syndrome (PWS/AS) critical region imprinting defects, and complex chromosomal rearrangements. Maternal UPD15-related PWS poses risks of concomitant autosomal recessive (AR) disorders when the mother carries a pathogenic variant in one of the genes on chromosome 15 associated with autosomal recessive inherited disease. Co-occurrence of autosomal recessive conditions in the setting of UPD leads to increased complexity of the clinical phenotype, and may delay the diagnosis of PWS. We report a patient with PWS and associated congenital ichthyosis due to maternal UPD15, and a homozygous novel pathogenic variant in ceramide synthase 3 (CERS3). We also review the literature of associated disorders reported in the setting of maternal UPD15-related PWS and provide a summary of the previously described CERS3 variants. This represents the second case of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) in the setting of PWS and UPD15. There needs to be a high index of suspicion of this genetic mechanism when there is unexpected phenotype or evolution of the clinical course in a patient with PWS.The gut is one of the main endocrine organs in our body, producing hormones acknowledged to play determinant roles in controlling appetite, energy balance and glucose homeostasis. One of the targets of such hormones is the adipose tissue, a major energetic reservoir, which governs overall metabolism through the secretion of adipokines. Disturbances either in nutrient and metabolic sensing and consequent miscommunication between these organs constitute a key driver to the metabolic complications clustered in metabolic syndrome. Thus, it is essential to understand how the disruption of this crosstalk might trigger adipose tissue dysfunction, a strong characteristic of obesity and insulin resistance. The beneficial effects of metabolic surgery in the amelioration of glucose homeostasis and body weight reduction allowed to understand the potential of gut signals modulation as a treatment for metabolic syndrome-related obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this review, we cover the effects of gut hormones in the modulation of adipose tissue metabolic and endocrine functions, as well as their impact in tissue plasticity. Furthermore, we discuss how the modulation of gut secretome, either through surgical procedures or pharmacological approaches, might improve adipose tissue function in obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Primary choledocholithiasis (PC) is a common disease in biliary surgery. The treatment is always challenging due to its high recurrence. A systemic review is undertaken to determine the risk factors for recurrence and provide with the individualized management strategy.

Electronic databases PubMed (Medline), Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Studies were searched for relevant articles on risk factors for PC recurrence. Its therapeutic intervention was also collected and analysed.

A total of 36 articles were eligible for inclusion. The recurrent risk factors include abnormalities of biliary anatomy (peripapillary diverticulum), dynamics (choledochal dilation, sharp angulation and stone number), metabolism (advanced age and hypothyroidism) and bacterial infection (Enterobacter and Helicobacter pylori). These factors eventually induce cholestasis and stone formation. At present, there is no guideline and expertise consensus for PC management. The treatment mainly consists of stone retrieval approaches and internal drainage surgeries. The former are minimally invasive methods endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST), papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE). The latter include choledochoduodenostomy (CDS) and choledochojejunostomy (CJS) with Roux-en-Y reconstruction. By far, the internal drainage surgeries have significantly lower recurrence than stone retrieval approaches.

Abnormal biliary anatomy, dynamics, metabolism and bacterial infection are the risk factors for PC. Both EST/EPBD and LCBDE can be performed as initial treatment. For recurrent PC, CDS is more suitable to the elderly, while Roux-en-Y CJS reserves for young patients or those in good conditions.
Abnormal biliary anatomy, dynamics, metabolism and bacterial infection are the risk factors for PC. UPF 1069 cell line Both EST/EPBD and LCBDE can be performed as initial treatment. For recurrent PC, CDS is more suitable to the elderly, while Roux-en-Y CJS reserves for young patients or those in good conditions.
This study was conducted to determine the effect of professional values of nurses on their attitudes towards caregiving roles.

This is a cross-sectional, correlational and descriptive study. The data were collected from 319 nurses working at different units in a public hospital between January and May 2019. The data collection tool included a 10-question participant information form, the nursing professional values scale and the attitude scale for nurses in caregiving roles. The variables were analysed using the multiple linear regression.

The nurses had professional values and attitudes towards caregiving roles at high levels. Significant differences were found in the overall scales and their subscales especially due to nurses loving their profession (P < 0.05). Attitudes of the nurses towards caregiving roles were predicted by human dignity (β = 0.52, P < 0.01), action (β = 0.34, P < 0.01) and autonomy (β = -0.29, P < 0.01). Human dignity, action and autonomy accounted for 30% of the variance in their attitudes towards caregiving roles (∆R
= 0.30).

Scores obtained by the nurses loving their profession from the nursing professional values scale and the attitude scale for nurses in caregiving roles were higher. In addition, nurses' caregiving roles were explained with professional values.
Scores obtained by the nurses loving their profession from the nursing professional values scale and the attitude scale for nurses in caregiving roles were higher. In addition, nurses' caregiving roles were explained with professional values.
To investigate the adult outcomes of children with juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis via long-term follow-up.

Retrospective study.

Beijing Tongren Hospital.

The study includes 121 patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.

We followed up respiratory papillomatosis patients aged least 14years and analysed their clinical features based on recurrence-free time.

In total, 112 (92.6%) patients underwent three or more operations. The age at initial operation was 4.3±2.9years; 47.9% (58/121) experienced recurrence and underwent surgical treatment after age 14. At follow-up, 5% (6/121) had died, 41.3% (50/121) had been recurrence-free for 5years or more (cured group), and 53.7% (65/121) had recurrence in the past 5years (recurrent group). The age at the last operation was 9.2±4.6years in the cured group. The overall operation frequency was higher in the recurrence group than in the cured group (17.8±11.9 vs 8.7±6.5). Additionally, the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and trall operation frequency, aggressive disease, tracheal dissemination of papilloma, and HPV infection.Expansion of the amino-acid repertoire with synthetic derivatives introduces novel structures and functionalities into proteins. In this study, we improved the antigen binding of antibodies by incorporating halogenated tyrosines at multiple selective sites. Tyrosines in the Fab fragment of an anti-EGF-receptor antibody 059-152 were systematically replaced with 3-bromo- and 3-chlorotyrosines, and simultaneous replacements at four specific sites were found to cause a tenfold increase in the affinity toward the antigen. Structure modeling suggested that this effect was due to enhanced shape complementarity between the antigen and antibody molecules. On the other hand, we showed that chlorination in the constant domain, far from the binding interface, of Rituximab Fab also increased the affinity significantly (up to 17-fold). Our results showed that antigen binding is tunable with the halogenation in and out of the binding motifs.
In Australia and New Zealand, more than 2000 carotid endarterectomies are performed annually. The major morbidities arising from this procedure are post-operative stroke, cranial nerve injury and death. Carotid endarterectomy surgery is a key component of the vascular surgical training programme. We assessed the impact of having a surgical trainee perform a major component of this procedure on the post-operative rates of stroke, cranial nerve injury and mortality.

We performed a retrospective cohort study of vascular surgical patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, with data obtained from the Australasian Vascular Audit database between January 2010 and December 2014. The dataset comprised of 6528 carotid endarterectomies performed during this time. The collected data were stratified into two categories - consultant-led cases, and those in which trainee surgeons performed at least a major component of the surgery under consultant supervision. The results were analysed for differences in post-operative stroke, cranial nerve injury and inpatient mortality. Differences between groups were assessed using multivariate analysis, adjusting for potentially confounding covariables.

On multivariate analysis, there was no statistically significant difference in the rates of post-operative stroke (odds ratio (OR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57-1.36, P = 0.55), cranial nerve injury (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.39-1.21, P = 0.19) or inpatient mortality (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.29-2.13, P = 0.63) between the two cohorts.

Having surgical trainees perform components of carotid endarterectomies under supervision is not associated with an increased rate of post-operative stroke, cranial nerve injury or mortality.
Having surgical trainees perform components of carotid endarterectomies under supervision is not associated with an increased rate of post-operative stroke, cranial nerve injury or mortality.Thanks to the nature of molecular orbitals, the absorption spectra of organic semiconductors are not continuous like those in traditional inorganic semiconductors, which offers a unique application of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) semitransparent OPVs. Recently, the exciting progress of materials design has promoted the development of semitransparent OPVs. However, in the perspective of device engineering, almost all reported works reduce the thickness of back/reflected electrode to obtain high average visible transmittance (AVT), which is a trade-off between power conversion efficiency (PCE) and the transmittance of the whole solar spectrum (visible and infrared), and therefore limit the further development. Herein, a unique strategy of "transparent hole-transporting frameworks" is proposed. A hole-transporting large-bandgap polymer (poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine (PTAA)) is employed to partially replace polymer donors in the active layer of PBDB-T/Y1. PTAA is a p-type polymer with a large bandgap of 2.
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