Notes

Progression of a new method for examining otolith function inside mice making use of three-dimensional binocular analysis of the otolith-ocular reflex.
03) according to the multivariate analysis. This was 50 % at one year compared with 21.8 % in patients with occult bleeding on admission. CONCLUSIONS in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, long-term follow-up and further evaluation may be considered after a positive capsule endoscopy. Even if there are no small bowel findings by device-assisted enteroscopy. The rebleeding rate in our study was 40 %, mainly in the presence of an overt bleeding on admission.Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) presents severe morbidity and high mortality owing to local recurrence or remote metastasis. Molecular markers, including chemokines, might provide more efficient prognostic information or even therapeutic targets for the treatment of OSCC. Using quantitative RT-qPCR, we found that CCL18 was dramatically overexpressed in 30 OSCC tissues at the mRNA level in comparison with their adjacent non-cancerous oral mucosae tissues and 15 oral mucosae tissues from non-malignant patients. We then analyzed the relationship between CCL18 overexpression and patient clinical characters and outcomes using immunohistochemistry staining (IHC) in 102 paired OSCC cancerous and adjacent non-cancerous tissues; the increase in CCL18 expression was significantly higher in male patients (P = 0.047), tumors of the palate and floor of the mouth (P = 0.014)， patients with positive lymph node metastasis (P = 0.007), and patients with poor tumor differentiation (P = 0.029). The median overall survival time and time-to-recurrence were 80.6 and 61.4 months in patients with high CCL18 expression, respectively, as against 93.4 and 81.6 months in patients with comparatively lower CCL18 expression, respectively (P = 0.033 and 0.012, respectively; log-rank test). Multivariate analyses indicated age, poor differentiation and CCL18 levels to be independent prognostic factors for predicting both overall and disease-free survival time. Our study suggests that CCL18 is a novel candidate marker for OSCC malignancy and prognosis, including lymph node metastasis, time-to-recurrence, and disease-free survival time.Conditionally reprogrammed cells (CRCs) are an effective method for culturing primary malignant cells and non-malignant epithelial cells in vitro. This can be useful for precision medicine applications, such as drug sensitivity assays. However, this approach is commonly hindered by the nonspecific growth of non-malignant epithelial cells in CRC cultures and the lack of effective biomarkers/assays to distinguish them from primary tumor cells. In this study, we developed a DNA methylation-based, real-time PCR assay to investigate SHOX2 and PTGER4 gene promoters as sensitive markers for human lung cancer. We first found that in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) malignant lung samples, 90% (28/31) had increased SHOX2 and/or PTGER4 promoter methylation as compared with their adjacent non-malignant samples. We then applied this assay to fresh surgical tumors and found increased SHOX2 and/or PTGER4 promoter methylation in 80% (20/25) of tumor samples as compared with their corresponding adjacent non-malignant tissues. see more Increased methylation of SHOX2 or PTGER4 promoter regions was also detected in 52% (13/25) of CRC cultures. The presence of malignant cells was confirmed by growth in soft agar cultures, a hallmark of malignant transformation, as well by EGFR mutation analysis. These results demonstrate that SHOX2 and PTGER4 promoter methylation levels can be used to detect malignant lung epithelial cells in CRC cultures.Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 80% of lung cancer. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely associated with the development and progression of various cancers, including lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential role and molecular mechanism of lncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) in regulating the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. The expressions of PVT1, integrin β-8 (ITGB8) and miR-145-5p were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The protein levels of ITGB8, MEK, p-MEK, ERK and p-ERK were measured by western blot analysis. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were determined by MTT assay, flow cytometry and transwell assay, respectively. The potential binding sites between miR-145-5p and PVT1 or ITGB8 were predicted by online software and verified by luciferase reporter assay. A xenograft tumor model was established to confirm the effect of PVT1 on NSCLC in vivo. We found out that the expression levels of PVT1 and ITGB8 were upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells. Knockdown of PVT1 or ITGB8 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion and promoted apoptosis in NSCLC cells, which could be reversed by ITGB8 overexpression in NSCLC cells. Moreover, PVT1 could regulate ITGB8 expression via direct binding to miR-145-5p. Furthermore, PVT1 regulated the MRK/ERK pathway by affecting ITGB8 expression. In addition, knockdown of PVT1 inhibited tumor growth, ITGB8 expression, MEK/ERK signaling pathway, and increased miR-145-5p expression in vivo. In conclusion the knockdown of PVT1 inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion but induced apoptosis of NSCLC cells by regulating miR-145-5p/ITGB8 axis and inhibiting MEK/ERK signaling pathway, providing a novel avenue for the treatment of NSCLC.Endostar (ES) inhibits metastasis in some tumors, but its role in ovarian cancer invasion has not been elucidated. In this study, the effects of ES on ovarian cancer cells were further analyzed, to excavate an effective strategy for treating ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3 and HO-8910PM) were treated with different concentrations of ES. Cell activity and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) detected by MTT were used for subsequent experiments. The migration and invasion abilities of treated cells were detected by wound healing and Transwell assays. The expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins in treated cells were determined by western blot analysis. Moreover, in vitro angiogenesis, the expressions of related proteins in treated cells and STAT3 and PD-L1 expressions were determined. We found that with the increase of ES concentrations, the cell activity showed a decreasing trend, and that the compositive IC50 of SKOV3 and HO-8910PM was 50 μg/ml, moreover, ES observably inhibited migration, invasion and EMT of ovarian cancer cell lines. In angiogenesis experiments, the angiogenesis ability and the expressions of related proteins in ovarian cancer cell lines were down-regulated after ES treatment. Furthermore, ES reduced the expression of PD-L1 and suppressed the phosphorylation of STAT3 in ovarian cancer cell lines. ES blocked the metastasis, invasion and angiogenesis of ovarian cancer cells by suppressing the activation of PD-L1 and STAT3, which might be considered as the potential mechanism of ES in the treatment of ovarian cancer.Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide due to the lack of effective therapy methods. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapies for HCC. CBL0137 is a small molecule that affects p53 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). The expression of p53 was measured by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tumor and adjacent tissues. Western blotting (WB) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were employed to detect the level of p-p53, p53, Bax and PUMA after CBL0137 administration, respectively. CCK-8 and immunofluorescent staining (IF) assay were performed to evaluate the proliferation and viability of HCC cells. Flow cytometry were used to detect the apoptosis of HCC cells. Xenograft model was established to determine the effect of CBL0137 treatment on HCC tumor growth in vivo. HE staining was used to monitor HCC cell morphology, and IHC staining for Ki-67 was performed to determine the tumor cell proliferation following CBL0137 treatment. Resul. CBL0137 treatment could effectively inhibit HCC cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis associated with multiple factors expression.The clinical value of synuclein-γ (SNCG) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was evaluated by detecting the expression of SNCG in saliva and tissues and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters (age, gender, ethnicity, degree of differentiation, clinical stage and lymph node metastasis). Salivary samples were collected from 79 patients with OSCC, 31 patients with oral premalignant lesions (OPMLs), such as oral lichen planus, oral leukoplakia, and erythema, and 80 controls, and levels of SNCG in salivary samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tissue expression in formalin-fixed tissue biopsies of 94 cases of OSCC and 30 adjacent normal tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using an antibody against SNCG. The results showed that the salivary levels of SNCG in patients with OSCC and OPMLs were significantly higher than those detected in the control group (P less then 0.001). The immunohistochemical results showed that SNCG was highly expressed in tumor cells of OSCC patients, with low expression in the adjacent normal epithelium (P less then 0.001, OR= 6.074). Salivary SNCG level correlated with differentiation (P = 0.022). Besides, the expression of SNCG in OSCC tissues was also significantly associated with differentiation (P less then 0.001). To conclude, the elevated salivary SNCG and overexpression of SNCG in tumor tissue from OSCC patients suggested that SNCG is a potential biomarker for OSCC.We develop a proposal to realize a widely tunable and clean quantum phase transition in bilayer graphene between two paradigmatic fractionalized phases of matter the Moore-Read fractional quantum Hall state and the composite Fermi liquid metal. This transition can be realized at total fillings ν=±3+1/2 and the critical point can be controllably accessed by tuning either the interlayer electric bias or the perpendicular magnetic field values over a wide range of parameters. We study the transition numerically within a model that contains all leading single particle corrections to the band structure of bilayer graphene and includes the fluctuations between the n=0 and n=1 cyclotron orbitals of its zeroth Landau level to delineate the most favorable region of parameters to experimentally access this unconventional critical point. We also find evidence for a new anisotropic gapless phase stabilized near the level crossing of n=0/1 orbits.Model materials are precious test cases for elementary theories and provide building blocks for the understanding of more complex cases. Here, we describe the lattice dynamics of the structural phase transition in francisite Cu_3Bi(SeO_3)_2O_2Cl at 115 K and show that it provides a rare archetype of a transition driven by a soft antipolar phonon mode. In the high-symmetry phase at high temperatures, the soft mode is found at (0,0,0.5) at the Brillouin zone boundary and is measured by inelastic x-ray scattering and thermal diffuse scattering. In the low-symmetry phase, this soft-mode is folded back onto the center of the Brillouin zone as a result of the doubling of the unit cell, and appears as a fully symmetric mode that can be tracked by Raman spectroscopy. On both sides of the transition, the mode energy squared follows a linear behavior over a large temperature range. First-principles calculations reveal that, surprisingly, the flat phonon band calculated for the high-symmetry phase seems incompatible with the displacive character found experimentally.
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