Notes

Patient-derived iPSCs, a dependable inside vitro design to the exploration regarding Alzheimer's.
2% day-1 in trial A and 1.73% day-1 in trial B. The digestible protein (DP) intake for maintenance was determined as 0.57 g kg-0.7 day-1, the DP intake for maximum growth was 6.0 g kg-0.7 day-1, and the point for maximum efficiency in protein retention was 1.8 g kg-0.7 day-1. The requirement for digestible energy (DE) intake for maintenance was recorded at 25.4 kJ kg-0.82 day-1, the DE intake to maximize growth was 365 kJ kg-0.82 day-1, and the point for maximum efficiency in energy retention occurs with a digestible energy intake of 93 kJ kg-0.82 day-1. The requirements and retention efficiency of protein and energy in Argyrosomus regius tend to be within the range other fish species. The maintenance needs are in agreement with species with low voluntary activity and growth requirements in agreement with fast-growth species.
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been linked to behavioral problems, but no study has assessed its relationship with dental anxiety. Therefore, this study's goal is to assess the relation between ETS and both behavioral problems and dental anxiety among children.

The study sample was collected from two centres in Jeddah from October 2019 to January 2020. Inclusion criteria included healthy 5-16-year-old children having their first dental visit with no emergency complaint. The questionnaire including general information, ETS exposure, the child's anxiety using the Abeer Children Dental Anxiety Scale (ACDAS) and dental behavior using the Frankl Behavioral Rating Scale.

Of 500 children, 337 (67.4% response rate) responded to the questionnaire, among whom 201 (59.6%) had been exposed to passive smoking compared to 136 (40.4%) who had not. Exposed children had a statistically significantly greater tendency to develop anxiety (
= 0.002) and demonstrate uncooperative behavior (
= 0.006). Generalized linear mode and binary regression analyses suggested that ETS has a statistically significant effect on children's dental anxiety and behavior (
< 0.05).

Children exposed to ETS demonstrated statistically significantly higher anxiety levels and uncooperative behavior in the dental clinic compared to those who were not exposed.
Children exposed to ETS demonstrated statistically significantly higher anxiety levels and uncooperative behavior in the dental clinic compared to those who were not exposed.Boroaluminosilicate geopolymers were used for the immobilization of heavy metals. Then, their mechanical properties, phase composition, structure, and microstructure were investigated. The addition of borax and boric acid did not induce the formation of any crystalline phases. Boron was incorporated into the geopolymeric network and caused the formation of N-B-A-S-H (hydrated sodium boroaluminosilicate) gel. In the range of a B/Al molar ratio of 0.015-0.075, the compressive strength slightly increased (from 16.1 to 18.7 MPa), while at a ratio of 0.150, the compressive strength decreased (to 12 MPa). Heavy metals (lead and nickel) were added as nitrate salts. The loss of the strength of the geopolymers induced by heavy metals was limited by the presence of boron. However, it caused an increase in heavy metal leaching. Despite this, heavy metals were almost entirely immobilized (with immobilization rates of >99.8% in the case of lead and >99.99% in the case of nickel). The lower immobilization rate of lead was due to the formation of macroscopic crystalline inclusions of PbO·xH2O, which was vulnerable to leaching.Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and has become the major cause of chronic liver disease, especially in western countries. NAFLD encompasses a wide spectrum of hepatic histological alterations, from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis with a potential development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by lobular inflammation and fibrosis. Several studies reported that insulin resistance, redox unbalance, inflammation, and lipid metabolism dysregulation are involved in NAFLD progression. However, the mechanisms beyond the evolution of simple steatosis to NASH are not clearly understood yet. Recent findings suggest that different oxidized products, such as lipids, cholesterol, aldehydes and other macromolecules could drive the inflammation onset. On the other hand, new evidence indicates innate and adaptive immunity activation as the driving force in establishing liver inflammation and fibrosis. In this review, we discuss how immunity, triggered by oxidative products and promoting in turn oxidative stress in a vicious cycle, fuels NAFLD progression. Furthermore, we explored the emerging importance of immune cell metabolism in determining inflammation, describing the potential application of trained immune discoveries in the NASH pathological context.Vaccination is central to controlling COVID-19. Its success relies on having safe and effective vaccines and also on high levels of uptake by the public over time. Addressing questions of population-level acceptability, stability of acceptance, and sub-population variation in acceptability are imperative. Using a prospective design, a repeated measures two-wave online survey was conducted to assess key sociodemographic variables and intention to accept a COVID-19 vaccine. The first survey (Time 1) was completed by 3436 people during the period of national lockdown in Scotland and the second survey (n = 2016) was completed two months later (Time 2) when restrictions had been eased. In the first survey, 74% reported being willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Logistic regression analyses showed that there were clear sociodemographic differences in intention to accept a vaccine for COVID-19 with intention being higher in participants of white ethnicity as compared with Black, Asian, and minority ethnic (BAME) groups, and in those with higher income levels and higher education levels. Intention was also higher in those who had "shielding" status due to underlying medical conditions. Our results suggest that future interventions, such as mass media and social marketing, need to be targeted at a range of sub-populations and diverse communities.An artificial intelligence algorithm to detect mycosis fungoides (MF), psoriasis (PSO), and atopic dermatitis (AD) is demonstrated. Results showed that 10 s was consumed by the single shot multibox detector (SSD) model to analyze 292 test images, among which 273 images were correctly detected. Verification of ground truth samples of this research come from pathological tissue slices and OCT analysis. The SSD diagnosis accuracy rate was 93%. The sensitivity values of the SSD model in diagnosing the skin lesions according to the symptoms of PSO, AD, MF, and normal were 96%, 80%, 94%, and 95%, and the corresponding precision were 96%, 86%, 98%, and 90%. The highest sensitivity rate was found in MF probably because of the spread of cancer cells in the skin and relatively large lesions of MF. Many differences were found in the accuracy between AD and the other diseases. The collected AD images were all in the elbow or arm and other joints, the area with AD was small, and the features were not obvious. Hence, the proposed SSD could be used to identify the four diseases by using skin image detection, but the diagnosis of AD was relatively poor.Resistance to antibacterial therapy requires the discovery of new methods for the treatment of infectious diseases. Lactoferrin (LTF) is a well-known naïve first-line defense protein. In the present study, we suggested the use of an adenoviral vector (Ad5) carrying the human gene encoding LTF for direct and cell-mediated gene therapy of maxillofacial area phlegmon in rats. Abscesses were developed by injection of the purulent peritoneal exudate in the molar region of the medial surface of the mandible. At 3-4 days after phlegmon maturation, all rats received ceftriaxone and afterward were subcutaneously injected around the phlegmon with (1) Ad5 carrying reporter gfp gene encoding green fluorescent protein (Ad5-GFP control group), (2) Ad5 carrying LTF gene (Ad5-LTF group), (3) human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCBC) transduced with Ad5-GFP (UCBC + Ad5-GFP group), and (4) UCBC transduced with Ad5-LTF (UCBC + Ad5-LTF group). Control rats developed symptoms considered to be related to systemic inflammation and were euthanized at 4-5 days from the beginning of the treatment. Rats from therapeutic groups demonstrated wound healing and recovery from the fifth to seventh day based on the type of therapy. Histological investigation of cervical lymph nodes revealed purulent lymphadenitis in control rats and activated lymphatic tissue in rats from the UCBC + Ad5-LTF group. Our results propose that both approaches of LTF gene delivery are efficient for maxillofacial area phlegmon recovery in rats. However, earlier wound healing and better outcomes in cervical lymph node remodeling in the UCBC + Ad5-LTF group, as well as the lack of direct exposure of the viral vector to the organism, which may cause toxic and immunogenic effects, suggest the benefit of cell-mediated gene therapy.Molecularly imprinted polymers have emerged as cost-effective and rugged artificial selective sorbents for combination with different sensors. In this study, quaternary ammonium cations, as functional monomers, were systematically evaluated to design imprinted polymers for glyphosate as an important model compound for electrically charged and highly water-soluble chemical compounds. To this aim, a small pool of monomers were used including (3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride, [2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride, and diallyldimethylammonium chloride. The simultaneous interactions between three positively charged monomers and glyphosate were preliminary evaluated using statistical design of the experiment method. Afterwards, different polymers were synthesized at the gold surface of the quartz crystal microbalance sensor using optimized and not optimized glyphosate-monomers ratios. All synthesized polymers were characterized using atomic force microscopy, contact angle, Fourier-transform infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Evaluated functional monomers showed promise as highly efficient functional monomers, when they are used together and at the optimized ratio, as predicted by the statistical method. Obtained results from the modified sensors were used to develop a simple model describing the binding characteristics at the surface of the different synthesized polymers. This model helps to develop new synthesis strategies for rational design of the highly selective imprinted polymers and to use as a sensing platform for water soluble and polar targets.The existence of a common mesenchymal cell progenitor shared by bone, skeletal muscle, and adipocytes cell progenitors, makes the role of the skeleton in energy metabolism no longer surprising. Thus, bone fragility could also be seen as a consequence of a "poor" quality in nutrition. Ketogenic diet was originally proven to be effective in epilepsy, and long-term follow-up studies on epileptic children undergoing a ketogenic diet reported an increased incidence of bone fractures and decreased bone mineral density. However, the causes of such negative impacts on bone health have to be better defined. In these subjects, the concomitant use of antiepileptic drugs and the reduced mobilization may partly explain the negative effects on bone health, but little is known about the effects of diet itself, and/or generic alterations in vitamin D and/or impaired growth factor production. Despite these remarks, clinical studies were adequately designed to investigate bone health are scarce and bone health related aspects are not included among the various metabolic pathologies positively influenced by ketogenic diets.
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