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The high-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that the dominant phyla (e.g. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes) were more abundant using the MIC reactor than with the UASB reactor, which may indicate WHJ degradation efficiency. Both reactors had similar predominant methanogens, suggesting that acetoclastic methanogenesis was the predominant metabolic pathway of methane formation. The results of this study provide new insights into the sustainable management of water hyacinth as a resource by establishing a regional ecosystem with biogas engineering applications.Soil pollution by anthropogenic chemicals is a major concern for sustainability of crop production and of ecosystem functions mediated by natural plant biodiversity. Understanding the complex effects of soil pollution requires multi-level and multi-scale approaches. Non-target and agri-environmental plant communities of field margins and vegetative filter strips are confronted with agricultural xenobiotics through soil contamination, drift, run-off and leaching events that result from chemical applications. Plant-pesticide dynamics in vegetative filter strips was studied at field scale in the agricultural landscape of a long-term ecological research network in northern Brittany (France). Vegetative filter strips effected significant pesticide abatement between the field and riparian compartments. However, comparison of pesticide usage modalities and soil chemical analysis revealed the extent and complexity of pesticide persistence in fields and vegetative filter strips, and suggested the contribution of multition was vegetative-filter-strip-specific, thus showing that correlation between plant dynamics and soil pesticides likely involved additional factors, such as threshold levels of residual pesticides. This situation of complex interactions between plants and soil contamination is further discussed in terms of agronomical, environmental and health issues.Identification of critical erosion-prone areas and selection of best management practices (BMPs) for watersheds are necessary to control their degradation by reducing sediment yields. The current research assesses and proposes a combination of potential BMPs for the Baitarani catchment in India using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). After the successful calibration and validation of the SWAT model developed for this catchment, the model was applied to evaluate the efficacy of eight agricultural and structural management practices and their combinations (three scenarios) for controlling sediment yields at watershed and sub-watershed levels as well as to assess the impacts of combined BMPs on water balance components. A combination of BMPs was found more effective in reducing sediment yields than individual BMPs. Comparative evaluation revealed that structural BMPs (0.66-70%) are better than agricultural BMPs (2-7%) in minimizing sediment yields at watershed level. The costly measures like grade and streambank stabilization structures can reduce the sediment yield up to 70% at the watershed level. The modeling results of the impacts of different combinations of BMPs (three scenarios) indicated that if all the eight BMPs are implemented, the reduction of sediment yields is increased by 76% and 80% at sub-watershed and watershed levels, respectively compared to the Base Scenario. Based on funds availability, a suitable combination of BMPs can be adopted by the concerned decision-makers to effectively reduce sediment yields in the study area. Further, the simulation results of BMPs impacts on water balance components revealed that the annual average surface runoff reduces by 4-14% in the three scenarios, while aquifer recharge (6.8-8.7%), baseflow (8-10.5%), and percolation (1.2-3.9%) increase due to implementation of BMPs. Overall, the findings of this study are very useful for ensuring sustainable management of land and other resources at a catchment scale.Regulation of process parameters is a cost-effective approach to control microorganism-derived dissolved organic nitrogen (mDON) formation in low-temperature biological wastewater conditions. However, the integrated influence of multiple parameters in this process is poorly defined. this website In this study, mathematical methodology was used to evaluate the combined effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT), solids retention time (SRT), and mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) on mDON formation at 8 °C. This study also systematically explored how multiple combinations of those three parameters affected mDON chemodiversity (fluorescent properties and molecular compositions), microbial compositions, and specific relationships between mDON molecules and microbial species in activated sludge systems. Results showed that combined effects significantly controlled the mDON formation at 8 °C (P less then .05). The systematic analysis suggested that the multi-parameter effects modulated the distribution of different mDON compositions and shaped the microbial communities. Most bacterial phyla as the generalist and a few as the specialist were displayed in 2487 pairs of strong microbe-mDON connections (|r| ≥ 0.6, P less then .05). Moreover, network analysis on microbe-mDON relationships identified the network centers as crucial media in terms of combined effects of process parameters on mDON formation. Our results provide comprehensive insight on the roles of multi-parameter covariation influences in regulating the high complexity of mDON traits and microbe-mDON linkages, thereby highlighting the necessity to focus on the combined effects of process parameters for effective and correct controlling strategies on mDON concentrations.The current study focuses on the occurrence and characteristics of microplastics (MPs) and spatial distribution and pollution status of heavy metals in the water and sediments of the coral reef ecosystems associated with the Tuticorin and Vembar groups of islands in the Gulf of Mannar, southeast India. Mean abundance of MPs varies from 60 ± 54 to 126.6 ± 97 items/L in water and from 50 ± 29 to 103.8 ± 87 items/kg in sediment. Water and sediment samples from the Tuticorin islands contain higher MP concentrations than the Vembar islands. The highest MP were observed in the mainland samples, while MP distributions in the shoreward direction i.e. towards the islands closely reflect those of the mainland (p less then 0.05). Polyethylene is the most common polymer, with fibers (1-3 mm) being the most abundant form in water and fragments (3-5 mm) being the most abundant in sediment. Pollution indices such as enrichment and contamination factors indicate moderate contamination of sediments by Zn, Hg, Cd, Pb and Ni. Heavy metal associated with MPs are greater than those in sediments, and this indicates that MP may be a source of metal pollution or that metals from the sediment preferentially partition to MPs. link2 SEM analysis highlights the presence of cracks, protrusions and depositions on the surface of many MPs, indicating partial degradation. EDAX frequently showed the presence of Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni and Fe associated with MP surfaces. This study offers an insight into the level of MPs and associated elements that filter feeding corals in the region are exposed to current.Understanding the importance of environmental variables on the dominance of cyanobacteria is crucial for appropriately managing water resources. link3 Although studies about temperate and subtropical regions show a high influence of nutrients and temperature on blooms, this relationship is still unclear for the tropics. Accordingly, we hypothesized that nutrients and temperature are the main factors driving cyanobacterial blooms in tropical reservoirs, and those relationships are intensified by the zooplankton. To test these hypotheses, we constructed a structural equation model based on the monitoring of ten reservoirs from Northeast Brazil. We analyzed the effects of physicochemical variables and zooplankton on cyanobacterial blooms and the biomass of four morphotypes. Cyanobacterial biomass varied within the reservoirs, with bloom records (0.2-268.4 mg L-1) in all of them, primarily constituted by the colonial morphotype, followed by picocyanobacteria, heterocyted, and non-heterocyted filaments. The cyanobacterich as external phosphorus and salt loadings, and biomanipulation.Increased nitrogen (N) deposition can affect ecosystem processes and thus influence plant eco-physiological processes in grasslands. However, how N deposition affects eco-physiological processes of leguminous and non-leguminous forbs in alpine grasslands is understudied. A long-term field experiment using a range of simulated N deposition rates (0, 8, 24, 40, 56, and 72 kg N ha-1 year-1) was established to examine the effects of N deposition on various eco-physiological parameters in leguminous and non-leguminous forbs in an alpine meadow of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. We found that the responses of leguminous and non-leguminous forbs to simulated N deposition varied. Net photosynthetic rate of leguminous and non-leguminous forbs exhibited different response patterns, but chronic increases in simulated N deposition rates may lead to negative effects in both functional groups. Neither functional group responded differently in aboveground biomass under the highest N addition level (72 kg N ha-1 year-1) compareity of alpine meadow ecosystems.Fluxes and composition dynamics of atmospheric nitrogen deposition play key roles in better balancing economic development and ecological environment. However, there are some knowledge gaps and difficulties in urban ecosystems, especially for small and medium-sized cities. In this study, both flux and composition (ratio of NH4+-N to NO3--N, RN) of wet-deposited dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN, sum of NO3--N and NH4+-N) were estimated and sources were identified at a long-term urban observation station in Tongling, a typical medium-sized city in eastern China during 2010-2016, respectively. Results showed that wet-deposited DIN fluxes were 33.20 and 28.15 kgN ha-1 yr-1 in Tongling city during 2010-2011 and 2015-2016, respectively. Compared to these two periods, both DIN and NO3--N fluxes decreased by 15.2% and 31.8% for a series of NOx abatement measures applied effectively, respectively. At the same time, the NH4+-N flux remained stable and ranged from 19.53 to 20.62 kgN ha-1 yr-1, and the RN increased from 1.7 to 2.2. Seasonally, winds from the southwest and west-southwest with higher frequencies and speeds in spring and summer brought more NH4+-N and DIN wet deposition from an ammonia plant, which could threaten the safety of regional hydrosphere ecosystems. On the whole, the wet-deposited NH4+-N was threatening regional ecosystems of both the hydrosphere and forest. The wet-deposited DIN including NH4+-N in Tongling city stemmed mainly from a combined source of coal combustion and dust from Cu extraction and smelting, ammonia production, and roads. Therefore, production lines should be updated for Cu extraction and smelting industries, thermal power generations and the ammonia plant, old vehicles should be eliminated, and the use of new energy vehicles should be promoted for regional sustainable development and human health in the medium-sized city.
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