Notes

Efficiency of various standards regarding oral cleanliness together with the using chlorhexidine in the protection against ventilator-associated pneumonia.
85.5% initial capacity retention for 200 cycles at 1 C) and an impressive low-temperature performance (ca. 200% capacity for electrolytes without LiDFBOP at -20 °C). This work presents an effective strategy for developing a functional electrolyte to meet the requirement of LIBs with enhanced low-temperature performance.This work presents a thorough guide to procedures for absolute electrochemiluminescence (ECL) quantum efficiency (ΦECL) measurements, which if employed effectively should raise the research impact of ECL studies for any luminophore. Absolute measurements are not currently employed in ECL research. Instead, ECL efficiencies have been determined relative to Ru(bpy)32+ under similar conditions, regardless of whether the conditions are favorable for Ru(bpy)32+ emissions or not. In fact, the most cited Ru(bpy)32+ ΦECL is from the pioneering work by the Bard research group in 1973 by means of a rotating ring-disk electrode revolving at 52 rotations per second measured with a silicon photodiode. Our presented technique uses a common disk electrode, spectrometer, and photomultiplier tube to measure the ΦECL. The more common light detection hardware and electrodes combined with an in-depth calculation walkthrough will provide ECL researchers the necessary tools to implement ΦECL measurement procedures in their own laboratories. Following a facile instrument setup and calculation, a systematic study of Ru(bpy)32+ ΦECL finds comparable results to those performed by Bard and co-workers.Toward the All-Russian Conference with International Participation "Multiple Sclerosis and Other Demyelinating Diseases - 4th Congress of ROKIRS" September 23-25, 2021 (Nizhny Novgorod).Comorbidities of extrapyramidal disorders and multiple sclerosis (MS) are rare. The chance of a combination of MS and Parkinson's disease (PD) is less than 1 in 12.5 million. In total, 42 cases of joint development of these disorders are described in the literature. All described patients had no initial changes in the basal ganglia on MRI, and the development of MS was diagnosed after 1-8 years. Possible common links in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease and MS, as well as the cumulative effect of the two diseases on the severity of axonal degeneration and neuronal loss are discussed. A description of a clinical case of a combination of early onset PD and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis is presented.One of the leading symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is cognitive impairment. It often affects aspects of cognition such as learning ability, memory, processing speed, and attention. It has been proven that patients often complain of difficulties in multitasking and choosing the right words. These problems are often underestimated. Various studies show that regular physical activity, mainly aerobic exercise, can potentially improve cognitive function. Positive effects on concentration, memory, and multitasking were described. In March 2019, the Tyumen regional center of MS, together with the clinical Institute of the brain (Yekaterinburg), launched a clinical study of methods for rehabilitation of cognitive disorders in patients with MS. There was a statistically significant improvement in MOCA-test scores, according to SDMT and PASSAT data in the main group of MS patients. Despite a significant improvement in cognitive function, the self-assessment of mental function according to the MSQOL54-MN test in this group of patients did not change. Our preliminary results suggest that a comprehensive and well-controlled training program can improve cognitive abilities in MS patients even after a short course of treatment.
To identify hyperhomocysteinemia and to assess its possible association with the course and other markers of endothelial damage in multiple sclerosis.

Analysis of blood serum for homocysteine, for the content of adhesion molecules sPECAM-1, matrix metalloproteinase 9, blood plasma test for von Willebrand factor antigen in patients with multiple sclerosis. The values of these indicators were analyzed depending on the course and activity of the demyelinating process, the severity of neurological disorders, as also depending on the therapy received.

Hyperhomocysteinemia was found in more than half of patients with multiple sclerosis. A significantly higher homocysteine level was found in male patients, and hyperhomocysteinemia was associated with the activity of the process in patients with highly active multiple sclerosis.

The results of the study suggest a possible association of hyperhomocysteinemia with high process activity and disease progression, as well as with mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Determination of homocysteine concentration may be one potential marker for predicting the course of the disease.
The results of the study suggest a possible association of hyperhomocysteinemia with high process activity and disease progression, as well as with mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Determination of homocysteine concentration may be one potential marker for predicting the course of the disease.
To investigate the direct effect of D
-like dopaminergic receptors antagonist on Th17-cells function in multiple sclerosis (MS)
.

Forty-one relapsing-remitting MS patients and twenty-five healthy subjects were examined. The functional activity of Th17-cells was assessed by the ability to produce IL-17 and IFN-γ by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and CD4
T cells, stimulated with microbeads coated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28-antibodies. To study the involvement of D
-like dopaminergic receptors in modulation of Th17-cell function, the samples of PBMCs or CD4
T-cells were cultured in the presence of dopamine and/or specific D
-like dopaminergic receptors antagonist (SCH23390). Cytokine levels in cell culture supernatants were measured by ELISA.

The production of IL-17 and IFN-γ by stimulated PBMCs were higher in MS patients during relapse than in MS patients during clinical remission or in healthy subjects. The production of cytokines by stimulated PBMCs or CD4
T-cells in MS patients during clinical remission and healthy subjects was comparable. Dopamine reduced the production of cytokines by PBMCs and CD4
T-cells in all groups. Blockade of D
-like dopaminergic receptors did not affect the dopamine-mediated cytokine suppression in MS patients and healthy subjects. Blockade of D
-like dopaminergic receptors directly suppressed cytokine production by PBMCs and CD4
T-cells in MS patients and healthy subjects.

Dopamine and blockade of D
-like dopaminergic receptors have an inhibitory effect on Th17-cell function in MS. The activation of D
-like dopaminergic receptors could mediate the inhibitory effect of dopamine on Th17-cells.
Dopamine and blockade of D1-like dopaminergic receptors have an inhibitory effect on Th17-cell function in MS. The activation of D2-like dopaminergic receptors could mediate the inhibitory effect of dopamine on Th17-cells.
To study the expression of Sema4D (CD100), receptor CD72 and a role of Sema4D-CD72-dependent signal in the control of the functions of immunocompetent cells in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).

We studied 76 patients, including 52 with RRMS (41 in remission and 11 in exacerbation), 35 women (67.3%) and 17 men (32.7%) aged 18-55 years, who did not receive disease-modifying drugs, and 24 healthy donors. A controlled clinical and immunological examination of patients with RRMS was carried out proving the involvement of the Sema4D molecule and its CD72 receptor in pathological reactions in this autoimmune disease.

The use of SemaD as a target in the treatment of RRMS is scientifically substantiated. In case of a positive decision on the use of anti-Sema4D drugs, it will be necessary to take into account the effects of semaphorin not only in the central nervous system, but also in the immune system of patients with RRMS.
The use of SemaD as a target in the treatment of RRMS is scientifically substantiated. In case of a positive decision on the use of anti-Sema4D drugs, it will be necessary to take into account the effects of semaphorin not only in the central nervous system, but also in the immune system of patients with RRMS.
To evaluate the association polymorphisms in genes coding for enzymes involved in vitamin D metabolism
(rs703842) and
(rs2248359) with the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Ninety Caucasian patients with remitting MS and 87 volunteers without MS, born and living in the Altai region of Russia, participated in the study. Genotyping was performed by the TaqMan probe method.

No association of MS with genotypes or alleles of
(rs2248359) is found.
(rs703842) is associated with the risk of MS in women. The TC genotype
(rs703842) is associated with an increased risk of MS (Odd Ratio 3.43; 1.48-7.93,
=0.004), while the TT genotype, on the contrary, has a protective effect on the susceptibility to MS (Odd Ratio 0.31; 0.14-0.72,
=0.005).

The results indicate an increased risk of MS in female carriers of the TC genotype CYP27B1 (rs703842) and a low probability of the contribution of the CYP24A1 polymorphism (rs2248359) to the predisposition to MS in Caucasians of the Altai region.
The results indicate an increased risk of MS in female carriers of the TC genotype CYP27B1 (rs703842) and a low probability of the contribution of the CYP24A1 polymorphism (rs2248359) to the predisposition to MS in Caucasians of the Altai region.
To study the features of the representation of risk factors for the development of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic (KBR).

The results of the examination and follow - up of patients with MS for 5 years (2012-2015) living in two regions of the CBD-Nalchik and the Prokhladnensky district-were analyzed. For the diagnosis of MS, the McDonald criteria (2010) were used, and the EDSS scale was used to assess the severity of invalidization. Registration of risk factors for the development of MS was carried out on the basis of a unified questionnaire. The diagnosis of MS was established based on the criteria of I. MacDonald (2017).

Contact with potentially dangerous chemical compounds, consumption of smoked meat products, and a history of viral infections were significantly more common in residents of the Prokhladnensky district (all differences were significant,
<0.05). Patients with MS were more likely to have suffered from scarlatina (
=23; 19.5% and
=14; 13.4%, 95% CI 0.43 (0.-0.94, p=0.032), while the closest association of chickenpox and MS development occurred in patients of the main group who had the disease at the age of 7 years (p=0.041).Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system characterized by autoimmune inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. MS is a complex disease that develops under the influence of environmental factors in genetically predisposed individuals. Currently, more than 200 genetic loci associated with MS have been identified by various methods. Some of them are located in the mitochondrial DNA. This paper collects data on mtDNA variants associated with MS in the Russian ethnic group, and shows the possibility of using this information to construct and refine models for predicting the development of MS.
My Website: