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Because shoppers travel hundreds of miles in pursuit of prescription drugs, data sharing should be an imperative. Research supports leveraging HIT to control doctor shopping, yet without robust data sharing agreements, the efforts of the system are limited to the efforts of the entity with the least number of barriers to their goal. Shoppers will seek out and exploit that organization that does not require participation or checking of prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMP), and the research shows that they will drive great distances to exploit this weakest link.The purpose of this paper was to analyze the changes caused by a one-day tennis tournament in biomarkers of oxidative stress and α-amylase in saliva in children. The sample was 20 male active children with the following characteristics (a) age of players = 9.46 ± 0.66 years; (b) weight = 34.8 ± 6.5 kg; (c) height = 136.0 ± 7.9 cm; (d) mean weekly training tennis = 2.9 ± 1.0 h. The tennis competition ran for one day, with four matches for each player. Data were taken from the average duration per match and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Four biomarkers of antioxidant status uric acid (AU), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing ability of saliva (FRAS, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) as a biomarker of psychological stress were measured in saliva. The time points were baseline (at home before the tournament), pre-competition (immediately before the first match) and post-match (after each match) measurements. The four biomarkers of antioxidant status showed a similar dynamic with lower values at baseline and a progressive increase during the four matches. Overall one-day tennis competition in children showed a tendency to increase antioxidant biomarkers in saliva. In addition, there was an increase in pre-competition sAA possibly associated with psychological stress. Further studies about the possible physiological implications of these findings should be performed in the future.Modern trends in optical bioimaging require novel nanoproducts combining high image contrast with efficient treatment capabilities. Silicon nanoparticles are a wide class of nanoobjects with tunable optical properties, which has potential as contrasting agents for fluorescence imaging and optical coherence tomography. In this paper we report on developing a novel technique for fabricating silicon nanoparticles by means of picosecond laser ablation of porous silicon films and silicon nanowire arrays in water and ethanol. Structural and optical properties of these particles were studied using scanning electron and atomic force microscopy, Raman scattering, spectrophotometry, fluorescence, and optical coherence tomography measurements. The essential features of the fabricated silicon nanoparticles are sizes smaller than 100 nm and crystalline phase presence. Effective fluorescence and light scattering of the laser-ablated silicon nanoparticles in the visible and near infrared ranges opens new prospects of their employment as contrasting agents in biophotonics, which was confirmed by pilot experiments on optical imaging.The direct impact of hospital accreditation on patients' clinical outcomes is unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether mortality within 30 days of hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ischemic stroke (IS), and hemorrhagic stroke (HS) differed before and after hospital accreditation. This study targeted patients who had been hospitalized for the three diseases at the general hospitals newly accredited by the government in 2014. Thirty-day mortality rates of three years before and after accreditation were compared. Mortality within 30 days of hospitalization for the three diseases was lower after accreditation than before (7.34% vs. 6.15% for AMI; 4.64% vs. 3.80% for IS; and 18.52% vs. 15.81% for HS). In addition, hospitals that meet the criteria of the patient care process domain have a statistically lower mortality rate than hospitals that do not. In the newly accredited Korean general hospital, it was confirmed that in-hospital mortality rates of major cardiovascular diseases were lower than before the accreditation.Polymeric oral thin films (OTFs) were prepared by the casting method, combining gellan gum (GG), a water-soluble polysaccharide, and glycerol (Gly) as a plasticizing agent. GG-Gly films were investigated as potential systems for buccal drug delivery using fluconazole (Class I of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System) as a model drug. At a low concentration of Gly drug precipitation occurred while, for higher concentrations of Gly, a significant deterioration of mucoadhesive and mechanical properties was observed. One possible way to overcome all these problems could be the addition of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) to the GG-Gly formulation as a drug-precipitation inhibitor. In this work the effect of cyclodextrin addition on the mechanical, mucoadhesive, swelling and release properties of GG-Gly films was investigated. In-vitro drug release studies were carried out using the paddle type dissolution apparatus (USP II) and the millifluidic flow-through device (MFTD). A moving-boundary model for swelling dynamics and release in USP II is proposed to estimate the effective diffusivity of the solvent, HP-β-CD, fluconazole and complex fluconazole/HP-β-CD in the swelling film. Experimental results, supported by theoretical modeling, confirmed that gellan gum-low glycerol thin films including HP-β-CD represent a suitable formulation for fluconazole drug delivery. A sustained release was observed when GG-Gly film is loaded with a preformed complex fluconazole/HP-β-CD.Farm animal welfare (FAW) is a growing societal concern, reflected by over 30 years of research to inform policy and practice. Despite the wealth of evidence to improve FAW, implementation of good practice continues to be an issue. The role of the stakeholder, particularly farmers, is pivotal to FAW improvement. This semi-systematic review synthesizes the evidence published in the last 30 years, worldwide, to address two main questions "what do farmers think (farmer's general view) about farm animal welfare?" and "what are the factors that influence their thinking?". A thematic analysis was conducted to identify factors that influenced the implementation of FAW innovation. The main outcomes extracted from 96 peer-reviewed publications on a range of livestock species identified 11 internal factors including farmer knowledge, empathy, personality, values, and human-animal bond; 15 external factors including economic advantages, communication, time and labor influenced the perception of FAW. Farmers' knowledge and cost implications of FAW were the most frequently reported factors. The review further highlights the need for promoting interdisciplinary collaboration and stakeholder participation. This study suggests strategies to improve FAW, including tools to support behavioral changes amongst farmers.miRNAs are important regulators of gene expression that play a key role in many biological processes. High-throughput techniques allow researchers to discover and characterize large sets of miRNAs, and enrichment analysis tools are becoming increasingly important in decoding which miRNAs are implicated in biological processes. Enrichment analysis of miRNA targets is the standard technique for functional analysis, but this approach carries limitations and bias; alternatives are currently being proposed, based on direct and curated annotations. In this review, we describe the two workflows of miRNAs enrichment analysis, based on target gene or miRNA annotations, highlighting statistical tests, software tools, up-to-date databases, and functional annotations resources in the study of metazoan miRNAs.Opioids and their antagonists alter vitamin C metabolism. Morphine binds to glutathione (l-γ-glutamyl-l-cysteinyl-glycine), an intracellular ascorbic acid recycling molecule with a wide range of additional activities. The morphine metabolite morphinone reacts with glutathione to form a covalent adduct that is then excreted in urine. Morphine also binds to adrenergic and histaminergic receptors in their extracellular loop regions, enhancing aminergic agonist activity. The first and second extracellular loops of adrenergic and histaminergic receptors are, like glutathione, characterized by the presence of cysteines and/or methionines, and recycle ascorbic acid with similar efficiency. Conversely, adrenergic drugs bind to extracellular loops of opioid receptors, enhancing their activity. These observations suggest functional interactions among opioids and amines, their receptors, and glutathione. We therefore explored the relative binding affinities of ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, opioid and adrenergic compounds, as well as various control compounds, to glutathione and glutathione-like peptides derived from the extracellular loop regions of the human beta 2-adrenergic, dopamine D1, histamine H1, and mu opioid receptors, as well as controls. Some cysteine-containing peptides derived from these receptors do bind ascorbic acid and/or dehydroascorbic acid and the same peptides generally bind opioid compounds. Glutathione binds not only morphine but also naloxone, methadone, and methionine enkephalin. Some adrenergic drugs also bind to glutathione and glutathione-like receptor regions. These sets of interactions provide a novel basis for understanding some ways that adrenergic, opioid and antioxidant systems interact during anesthesia and drug abuse and may have utility for understanding drug interactions.Inflammatory cytokines play a major role in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) as regulators of the MPN clone and as mediators of clinical symptoms and complications. Firstly, we investigated the effect of JAK2V617F on 42 molecules linked to inflammation. For JAK2V617F-mutated patients, the JAK2V617F allele burden (%JAK2V617F) correlated with the levels of IL-1β, IL-1Rα, IP-10 and leptin in polycythemia vera (PV), and with IL-33 in ET; for all other molecules, no correlation was found. Cytokine production was also studied in the human megakaryocytic cell line UT-7. Wild-type UT-7 cells secreted 27/42 cytokines measured. UT-7 clones expressing 50% or 75% JAK2V617F were generated, in which the production of IL-1β, IP-10 and RANTES was increased; other cytokines were not affected. Secondly, we searched for causes of chronic inflammation in MPNs other than driver mutations. Since antigen-driven selection is increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of blood malignancies, we investigated whether proinflammatory glucosylsphingosine (GlcSph) may play a role in MPNs. We report that 20% (15/75) of MPN patients presented with anti-GlcSph IgGs, distinguished by elevated levels of 11 cytokines. In summary, only IL-1β and IP-10 were linked to JAK2V617F both in patients and in UT-7 cells; other inflammation-linked cytokines in excess in MPNs were not. For subsets of MPN patients, a possible cause of inflammation may be auto-immunity against glucolipids.This research aimed to develop a direct-write near-field electrospinning system (DW-NFES) with three-axis positioning of controllable speed, torque and position to produce sizable and high-quality piezoelectric fibers for sensing purposes. Sensor devices with high electrical response signals were developed and tested. To achieve DW-NFES purpose, a servo motor controller was designed to develop a high response rate, accurate positioning, and stable mobile device through the calculation of bandwidth and system time delay. With this retooled system of DW-NFES, controllable and uniform size fibers in terms of diameters, stretching force, and interspaces can be obtained. Sensor devices can be made selectively without a complicated lithography process. The characteristics of this DW-NFES platform were featured by high response rate, accurate positioning, and stable movement to make fibers with high piezoelectric property. In this study, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was used to explore and enhance their sensing quality through the platform.
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