Notes

Main role of Haemophilus influenzae from the organization involving conjunctivitis, intense otitis advertising as well as intense microbial paranasal sinusitis in children.
mostly neutrophils, was also reduced by administration of WAS. Infiltration of inflammatory cells and edema in the submucosa of air pouch tissues were markedly improved in the WAS-treated groups.

Our results indicate that WAS possesses potent anti-inflammatory properties. These findings suggest that A. scoparia is a candidate functional food targeting several inflammatory diseases.
Our results indicate that WAS possesses potent anti-inflammatory properties. These findings suggest that A. scoparia is a candidate functional food targeting several inflammatory diseases.
Unravelling the anti-diabetic mechanism of action of L. leonurus at adipose, liver, muscle and pancreatic level.

To investigate the mechanism of action of an organic extract of L. leonurus and marrubiin at the gene level in adipose, liver and muscle tissues of an obese rat model and in a co-culture model.

Obese Wistar rats were fed a cafeteria diet for eight weeks, treated with an extract of L. Leonurus, marrubiin, sulfonylurea and aspirin for two weeks and the level of gene expression of selected markers were investigated across different tissues. The effects mediated by the different treatments were investigated in co-culture cell models involving 3T3-L1 (fat), Chang (liver), C2C12 (muscle) and INS-1 (pancreatic) cells under both normal and hyperglycemic conditions.

L. leonurus extract mediated a significant increase in PPAR gamma, glucokinase, FAS and UCP2 gene expression in adipose tissue, whilst the opposite was observed in the liver. At the muscle level, a significant increase in FAS gene expression was observed relative to the obese control rats. Furthermore, the extract as well as marrubiin, modulated improvements in the adipokine profile. The co-culture models showed that the effect mediated by the extract was dependent on, the tissue type as well as the glycemic conditions.

L. Leonurus extract as well as marrubiin exhibit anti-diabetic properties where the mechanism of action is mainly at the adipose tissue level. The increase in expression of the genes of interest mentioned above potentially play a protective role towards the liver and possibly towards the muscle tissues as well.
L. Leonurus extract as well as marrubiin exhibit anti-diabetic properties where the mechanism of action is mainly at the adipose tissue level. The increase in expression of the genes of interest mentioned above potentially play a protective role towards the liver and possibly towards the muscle tissues as well.
Traditional polyherbal preparations have been utilized in Sri Lanka since ancient times and have gained a wide acceptance throughout the country. Although an extensive body of evidence supports the use of traditional herbal mixtures in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, only a few polyherbal mixtures have been subjected to systematic scientific investigations and their mechanisms for long-term glucose control remain unclear. In general, scientific evaluations of the effectiveness of antidiabetic formulations which are prescribed by traditional practitioners have received great attention, and therefore uncovering their mechanism of action would be beneficial.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy, in terms of antidiabetic and antihyperlipidaemic activities, of a well-known traditional polyherbal mixture composed of leaves of Murraya koenigii L., -cloves of Allium sativum L., - fruits of Garcinia quaesita Pierre and seeds of Piper nigrum L. in streptozotocin induced diabeolyherbal mixture possesses potent antihyperglycaemic and antihyperlipidaemic effects with considerable restoration of pancreatic β-cells, justifying the traditional use of the mixture in diabetes associated dyslipidaemia.
The results revealed that the aforementioned polyherbal mixture possesses potent antihyperglycaemic and antihyperlipidaemic effects with considerable restoration of pancreatic β-cells, justifying the traditional use of the mixture in diabetes associated dyslipidaemia.
Species of the genus Tagetes are well known for their anti-inflammatory properties. Tagetes minuta "Huacatay" is an endemic species of South America that has been used in traditional medicine since ancient times as a remedy for stomach and intestinal discomfort.

The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of the Huacatay, identifying the compounds responsible for this activity.

Anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds, fractions and extracts was evaluated in Hs 746T (stomach), HIEC-6 (intestine) and THP-1 (monocytes peripheral blood) cells by measuring their inhibitory capacity against the NF-κB production.

Aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Tagetes minuta displayed anti-inflammatory activity in vitro, the hydroalcoholic extract being the most active (IC
between 59.72 and 66.42μg/mL) in all cell lines. Bio-guided hydroalcoholic extract fractionation led to the isolation and characterisation of two pheophytins, pheophytin a (1) and 13
-hydroxy pheophytin a (2). Both compounds inhibited the production of NF-κB with IC
values in the low micromolar range, with an IC
between 12.32 and 16.01μM for compound 1 and 7.91-9.87μM for compound 2.

The two pheophytins isolated in this study inhibit the production of NF-κB, thus showing that the traditional anti-inflammatory use of Tagetes minuta can be proved through pharmacological assays. This contributes to understanding the anti-inflammatory activity of the Huacatay extracts and their use in the treatment of stomach and intestinal discomfort.
The two pheophytins isolated in this study inhibit the production of NF-κB, thus showing that the traditional anti-inflammatory use of Tagetes minuta can be proved through pharmacological assays. This contributes to understanding the anti-inflammatory activity of the Huacatay extracts and their use in the treatment of stomach and intestinal discomfort.
This study aimed at determining the effects of saffron on depression as well as its neuroprotective and pharmacological effects on the intestinal function of crocetin in mice exposed to chronic restraint stress.

Chronic stress was induced in two-week-old ICR mice by immobilizing them for 6h per day for 28 days. The mice were orally administered with crocetin (20, 40, 80mg/kg), fluoxetine (20mg/kg) or distilled water. The treatments were administered daily and open field and tail suspension tests were performed. Immunofluorescent and Western-bolt (WB) assays were conducted to determine the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), the precursor of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding (CREB) protein in the hippocampus. Serum levels of dopamine (DA), proBDNF, MKP-1 and CREB were measured by Elisa kits. High-throughput sequencing was carried out to analyze the composition of intecosystem.
A bleeding episode may herald cancer in the general population. Oral anticoagulants (OACs), the mainstay treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF), are known to increase the risk of bleeding, and may thus promote an earlier diagnosis of cancer. Data regarding the association of bleeding episodes with cancer in patients with AF on OACs are scarce.

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched electronic databases (Medline, Scopus, and Central) and gray literature sources for studies of patients with nonvalvular AF under any OAC, from inception until 14 October 2020. The primary outcome was the association of bleeding occurrences with the detection of cancer. A subgroup analysis was performed according to OAC type [NOAC (non-vitamin K oral anticoagulant) versus VKA (vitamin K antagonist)].

Overall, 4 studies were included, accounting for a total of 144,362 patients with AF receiving OAC. During follow-up, 816 (0.57%) cases of cancer were confirmed. The presence of a bleeding event, either major or minor, was associated with a higher risk for cancer detection (odds ratio [OR] 8.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.98-15.51, and I
85%). Heterogeneity was explained after studies were stratified by the type of OAC (NOACs OR 6.12, 95% CI 4.47-8.37, I
0%, VKAs OR 15.16, 95% CI 12.61-18.23, and I
0%).

The detection of a bleeding event could be an alerting sign of cancer in patients with AF on OACs, particularly in patients receiving VKAs. REGISTRATION NUMBER (DOI) available in https//doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/3948R, DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/3948R.
The detection of a bleeding event could be an alerting sign of cancer in patients with AF on OACs, particularly in patients receiving VKAs. REGISTRATION NUMBER (DOI) available in https//doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/3948R, DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/3948R.Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is the most common complication after cardiac surgery; however, antiarrhythmic strategies have not lowered the rate of POAF. This study aimed to identify specific gene transcripts of atrial inflammation, inflammatory handling, and oxidative stress associated with POAF. Left atrial tissue was obtained from 50 patients undergoing intended degenerative mitral repair who did not have any of the following risk factors for POAF history of atrial fibrillation or other arrhythmia, left atrial diameter greater than 6.0 cm, or left ventricular ejection fraction less than 40%. Postoperative outcomes and left atrial tissue messenger ribonucleuc acid (mRNA) levels were recorded. Parametric 2-sample t-tests and chi-square tests were used to evaluate for statistical significance in comparing POAF and non-POAF groups. Within 30 days of surgery, 19 of 50 of patients (38%) developed POAF. There were no significant preoperative, intraoperative, or postoperative differences between POAF and non-POAF patients. In the tissue transcriptome analysis, POAF patients were found to have a worse preoperative inflammatory state with higher levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, Interleukin-6, and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells mRNA, worse inflammatory handling capacity with lower levels of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor mRNA, and reduced antioxidant defenses with lower levels of glutathione synthetase, glutathione reductase, and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 mRNA. This study found POAF patients to have preoperative left atrial tissue profiles suggestive of more inflammation, worse inflammatory handling, and reduced antioxidant defenses against oxidative stress. Investigation of therapies targeted to the tissue-specific inflammatory transcriptome of POAF patients is warranted.This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes of patients treated by total arch replacement (TAR) with frozen elephant trunk (FET), aortic balloon occlusion (ABO) technique and hybrid arch repair (HAR). Between January 2017 and July 2019, 643 consecutive patients with aortic arch diseases were eligible for TAR, including 356 in conventional FET, 112 in ABO based on FET, and 175 in HAR. A retrospective cohort analysis of perioperative results was undertaken, performed with inverse probability weighting. The primary endpoint was composite endpoints included 30-day mortality, stroke, paraplegia, hemodialysis, reintubation, and intra-aortic balloon pump or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, and visceral dysfunction was secondary endpoint. Overall in-hospital mortality was 2.2% (FET = 2.5% vs ABO = 0 vs HAR = 2.9%, P= 0.210). Parallel early outcomes were demonstrated among three groups. ABO group was associated with significantly shorter circulatory arrest time (5, IQR 3-7 vs 16, IQR 14-18 minutes, P less then 0.
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