Notes

The relative study on treatment eating habits study bandage and spreading throughout non-displaced extra-articular bone fracture associated with distal distance: A new medical trial review.
Hydrogels are three-dimensional platforms that serve as substitutes for native extracellular matrix. These materials are starting to play important roles in regenerative medicine because of their similarities to native matrix in water content and flexibility. It would be very advantagoues for researchers to be able to regulate cell behavior and fate with specific hydrogels that have tunable mechanical properties as biophysical cues. Recent developments in dynamic chemistry have yielded designs of adaptable hydrogels that mimic dynamic nature of extracellular matrix. The current review provides a comprehensive overview for adaptable hydrogel in regenerative medicine as follows. First, we outline strategies to design adaptable hydrogel network with reversible linkages according to previous findings in supramolecular chemistry and dynamic covalent chemistry. Next, we describe the mechanism of dynamic mechanical microenvironment influence cell behaviors and fate, including how stress relaxation influences on cell behavior and how mechanosignals regulate matrix remodeling. Finally, we highlight techniques such as bioprinting which utilize adaptable hydrogel in regenerative medicine. We conclude by discussing the limitations and challenges for adaptable hydrogel, and we present perspectives for future studies.Melanoma, as the most aggressive and treatment-resistant skin malignancy, is responsible for about 80% of all skin cancer mortalities. Prone to invade into the dermis and form distant metastases significantly reduce the patient survival rate. Therefore, early treatment of the melanoma in situ or timely blocking the deterioration of metastases is critical. In this study, a sulfur dioxide (SO2) polymer prodrug was designed as both an intracellular glutathione (GSH)-responsive SO2 generator and a carrier of doxorubicin (DOX), and used for the treatment of subcutaneous and metastatic melanoma. Firstly, chemical conjugation of 4-N-(2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl)-imino-1-butyric acid (DIBA) onto the side chains of methoxy poly (ethylene glycol) grafted dextran (mPEG-g-Dex) resulted in the synthesis of the amphiphilic polymer prodrug of SO2, mPEG-g-Dex (DIBA). The obtained mPEG-g-Dex (DIBA) could self-assemble into stable micellar nanoparticles and exhibited a glutathione-responsive SO2 release behavior. Subsequently, DOX was encapsulated into the core of mPEG-g-Dex (DIBA) micelles to form DOX-loaded nanoparticles (PDDN-DOX). The formed PDDN-DOX could be internalized by B16F10 cells and synchronously release DOX and SO2 into the tumor cells. As a result, PDDN-DOX exerted synergistic anti-tumor effects in B16F10 melanoma cells because of the oxidative damage properties of SO2 and toxic effects of DOX. Furthermore, in vivo experiments verified that PDDN-DOX had great potential for the treatment of subcutaneous and metastasis melanoma. Collectively, our present work demonstrates that the combination of SO2-based gas therapy and chemotherapeutics offers a new avenue for inhibiting melanoma progression and metastases.Research works on the synergistic effect of surface modified bioactive molecules and bone metal implants have been highlighted. N-cadherin is regarded as a key factor in directing cell-cell interactions during the mesenchymal condensation preceding the osteogenesis in the musculoskeletal system. In this study, the N-cadherin mimetic peptide (Cad) was biofunctionalized on the titanium metal surface via the acryloyl bisphosphonate (Ac-BP). To learn the synergistic effect of N-cadherin mimetic peptide, when tethered with titanium substrates, on promoting osteogenic differentiation of the seeded human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and the osseointegration at the bone-implant interfaces. Results show that the conjugation of N-cadherin mimetic peptide with Ac-BP promoted the osteogenic gene markers expression in the hMSCs. The biofunctionalized biomaterial surfaces promote the expression of the Wnt/β-catenin downstream axis in the attached hMSCs, and then enhance the in-situ bone formation and osseointegration at the bone-implant interfaces. We conclude that this N-cadherin mimetic peptide tethered on Ti surface promote osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs and osseointegration of biomaterial implants in vitro and in vivo. These findings demonstrate the importance of the development-inspired surface bioactivation of metal implants and shed light on the possible cellular mechanisms of the enhanced osseointegration.
We previously demonstrated that magnesium ions (Mg
) was a novel therapeutic alternative for osteoarthritis (OA) through promoting the hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)-mediated cartilage matrix synthesis. However, oxidative stress can inhibit the expression of HIF-1α, amplify the inflammation that potentially impairs the therapeutic efficacy of Mg
in OA. Vitamin (VC), a potent antioxidant, may enhance the efficacy of Mg
in OA treatment. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of combination of Mg
and VC on alleviating joint destruction and pain in OA.

Anterior cruciate ligament transection with partial medial meniscectomy induced mice OA model were randomly received intra-articular injection of either saline, MgCl
(0.5mol/L), VC (3mg/ml) or MgCl
(0.5mol/L) plus VC (3mg/ml) at week 2 post-operation, twice weekly, for 2 weeks. Joint pain and pathological changes were assessed by gait analysis, histology, western blotting and micro-CT.

Mg
and VC showed additive effects to significantly alleviate the joint destruction and pain. The efficacy of this combined therapy could sustain for 3 months after the last injection. We demonstrated that VC enhanced the promotive effect of Mg
on HIF-1α expression in cartilage. Additionally, combination of Mg
and VC markedly promoted the M2 polarization of macrophages in synovium. Furthermore, combination of Mg
and VC inhibited osteophyte formation and expressions of pain-related neuropeptides.

Intra-articular administration of Mg
and VC additively alleviates joint destruction and pain in OA. Our current formulation may be a cost-effective alternative treatment for OA.
Intra-articular administration of Mg2+ and VC additively alleviates joint destruction and pain in OA. Our current formulation may be a cost-effective alternative treatment for OA.RNA interference (RNAi) is one of the most promising methods for the treatment of malignant tumors. However, developing an efficient biocompatible delivery vector for small interfering RNA (siRNA) remains a challenging issue. This study aimed to prepare a non-viral tumor-targeted carrier, named RGDfC-modified functionalized selenium nanoparticles (RGDfC-SeNPs). RGDfC-SeNPs were used to selectively deliver siSox2 to HepG2 liver cancer cells and tissues for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the current study, RGDfC-SeNPs were successfully synthesized and characterized. It was shown that RGDfC-SeNPs could effectively load siSox2 to prepare an antitumor prodrug RGDfC-Se@siSox2. RGDfC-Se@siSox2 exhibited selective uptake in HepG2 liver cancer cells and LO2 normal liver cells, indicating RGDfC-SeNPs could effectively deliver siSox2 to HepG2 liver cancer cells. RGDfC-Se@siSox2 entered HepG2 cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis by firstly encircling the cytoplasm and then releasing siSox2 in the lysosomes. RGDfC-Se@siSox2 could effectively silence Sox2 and inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of HepG2 cells. RGDfC-Se@siSox2 induced HepG2 cells apoptosis most likely via overproduction of reactive oxygen species and disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potentials. Most importantly, RGDfC-Se@siSox2 significantly inhibited the tumor growth in HepG2 tumor-bearing mice without obvious toxic side effects. These studies indicated that RGDfC-SeNPs may be an ideal gene carrier for delivering siSox2 to HepG2 cells and that RGDfC-Se@siSox2 may be a novel and highly specific gene-targeted prodrug therapy for HCC.Large bone defects face a high risk of pathogen exposure due to open wounds, which leads to high infection rates and delayed bone union. To promote successful repair of infectious bone defects, fabrication of a scaffold with dual functions of osteo-induction and bacterial inhibition is required. This study describes creation of an engineered progenitor cell line (C3H10T1/2) capable of doxycycline (DOX)-mediated release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2). Three-dimensional bioprinting technology enabled creation of scaffolds, comprising polycaprolactone/mesoporous bioactive glass/DOX and bioink, containing these engineered cells. In vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that the scaffold could actively secrete BMP2 to significantly promote osteoblast differentiation and induce ectopic bone formation. Additionally, the scaffold exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial capacity, thereby ensuring the survival of embedded engineered cells when facing high risk of infection. These findings demonstrated the efficacy of this bioprinted scaffold to release BMP2 in a controlled manner and prevent the occurrence of infection; thus, showing its potential for repairing infectious bone defects.Investigation of thermostability will lead the groundbreaking of unraveling the mechanism of influence of ion-doping on the properties of calcium phosphates. In this work, octacalcium phosphate (OCP), a metastable precursor of biological apatite, was used as a stability model for doping ions (Fe3+ and Sr2+) with different ionic charges and radii. After treated under hot air at different temperatures (110-200 °C), the phase, morphology, structure, physicochemical properties, protein affinity, ions release, and cytological responses of the ion-doped OCPs were investigated comparatively. The results showed that the collapse of OCP crystals gradually occurred, accompanying with the dehydration of hydrated layers and the disintegration of plate-like crystals as the temperature increased. The collapsed crystals still retained the typical properties of OCP and the potential of conversion into hydroxyapatite. Compared to the undoped OCP, Fe-OCP, and Sr-OCP had lower and higher thermostability respectively, leading to different material surface properties and ions release. The adjusted thermostability of Fe-OCP and Sr-OCP significantly enhanced the adsorption of proteins (BSA and LSZ) and the cytological behavior (adhesion, spreading, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation) of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to a varying extent under the synergistic effects of corresponding surface characteristics and early active ions release. This work paves the way for understanding the modification mechanism of calcium phosphates utilizing ion doping strategy and developing bioactive OCP-based materials for tissue repair.The development of functional materials for osteoporosis is ultimately required for bone remodeling. However, grafts were accompanied by increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines that impaired bone formation. In this work, nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA)/resveratrol (Res)/chitosan (CS) composite microspheres were designed to create a beneficial microenvironment and help improve the osteogenesis by local sustained release of Res. Study of in vitro release confirmed the feasibility of n-HA/Res/CS microspheres for controlled Res release. Notably, microspheres had anti-inflammatory activity evidenced by the decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and iNOS in RAW264.7 cells in a dose dependent manner. Further, enhanced adhesion and proliferation of BMSCs seeded onto microspheres demonstrated that composite microspheres were conducive to cell growth. The ability to enhance osteo-differentiation was supported by up-regulation of Runx2, ALP, Col-1 and OCN, and substantial mineralization in osteogenic medium.
Here's my website: