Notes

Tendencies regarding sulfur as well as nitrogen deposition via 2004 for you to 2017 inside Western rural areas.
Prevention (vaccines), biology and transmission factors associated with non-primary CMV, and the cost-effectiveness of universal screening, all demand further exploration to fully realize the ultimate goal of preventing cCMV. In the meantime, prevention of primary infection during pregnancy should be championed to all by means of hygiene education. Copyright © 2020 Lazzarotto, Blázquez-Gamero, Delforge, Foulon, Luck, Modrow and Leruez-Ville.Fetal to neonatal transition entails cardiorespiratory, hemodynamic, and metabolic changes coinciding with the switch from placental to airborne respiration with partial pressures of oxygen of 4-5 kPa in utero raising to 8-9 kPa ex utero in few minutes. Preterm infants have immature lung and antioxidant defense system. Very preterm infants ( less then 32 weeks' gestation) frequently require positive pressure ventilation and oxygen to establish lung aeration, a functional residual capacity, and overcome a tendency toward hypoxemia and bradycardia in the first minutes after birth. Recent studies have shown that prolonged bradycardia (heart rate less then 100 beats per minute) and/or hypoxemia (oxygen saturation less then 80%) are associated with increased mortality and/or intracranial hemorrhage. However, despite the accumulated evidence, the way in which oxygen should be supplemented in the first minutes after birth still has not yet been clearly established. The initial inspired fraction of oxygen and its adjustment within a safe arterial oxygen saturation range measured by pulse oximetry that avoids hyper-or-hypoxia is still a matter of debate. Herewith, we present a current summary aiming to assist the practical neonatologist who has to aerate the lung and establish an efficacious respiration in very preterm infants in the delivery room. Copyright © 2020 Lara-Cantón, Solaz, Parra-Llorca, García-Robles, Millán, Torres-Cuevas and Vento.We report 3 cases of scurvy in children that occurred during a short period (2018) in a general pediatrics unit of a tertiary hospital for children in Paris. All children were around 3 years of age and were admitted for skeletal pain and altered general state, which mimicked infectious or malignant diseases. Their selective diet was not the prominent issue. The diagnosis of scurvy was delayed, after too many unnecessary examinations and medications. Bone imaging findings (X-ray and MRI) were a posteriori considered typical, but lesions were not easily identified as scurvy lesions because scurvy is not well-known by pediatricians and radiologists who should be mindful of this historical diagnosis. Copyright © 2020 Chalouhi, Nicolas, Vegas, Matczak, El Jurdi, Boddaert and Abadie.An increasing amount of information is currently available in neonatal respiratory care. Systematic reviews are an important tool for clinical decision-making. The challenge is to combine studies that address a specific clinical question and have similar characteristics in terms of populations, interventions, comparators, and outcomes, so that their combined results provide a more precise estimate of the effect that can be validly extrapolated into clinical practice. The concept of heterogeneity is reviewed, emphasizing that it should be considered in a wider perspective and not just as a mere statistical test. A case is made of how well-designed studies of the neonatal respiratory literature, when equivocally combined, can provide very precise but potentially biased results. Systematic reviews in this field and others should be rigorously peer-reviewed before publication to avoid misleading readers to potentially biased conclusions. Copyright © 2020 Maturana, Moya and Donn.The purpose of this study was to investigate refraction at birth and during the first year of life in a large cohort of babies born in a single center in Northern Italy. We also aimed to analyze refractive errors in relation to the gestational age at birth. An observational ophthalmological assessment was performed within 24 h of birth on 12,427 newborns. Refraction was examined using streak retinoscopy after the administration of tropicamide (1%). Values in the range of between +0.50 ≤ D ≤ +4.00 were defined as physiological refraction at birth. Newborns with refraction values outside of the physiological range were followed up during the first year of life. Comparative analyses were conducted in a subgroup of babies with known gestational ages. The following distribution of refraction at birth was recorded 88.03% of the babies had physiological refraction, 5.03% had moderate hyperopia, 2.14% had severe hyperopia, 3.4%, had emmetropia, 0.45%, had myopia, 0.94% had astigmatism, and 0.01% had anisometropia. By the end of the first year of life, we observed reductions in hyperopia and astigmatism, and stabilization of myopia. Preterm babies had a four-fold higher risk of congenital myopia and a three-fold higher risk of congenital emmetropia as compared to term babies. Refraction profiles obtained at birth changed during the first year of life, leading to a normalization of the refraction values. Gestational age at birth affected the incidence of refractive errors and amblyopia. Copyright © 2020 Semeraro, Forbice, Nascimbeni, Cillino, Bonfiglio, Filippelli, Bartollino and Costagliola.Background Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) made a drastic change in the management of HCV infection. Sofosbuvir is one of the highly potent DAAs, eliminated mainly through the kidney. But concerns about renal safety during treatment may limit its use. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has been proven as a predictor of renal tubular injury. Hence, the aim of this work was to assess serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in HCV-positive patients before and after treatment with the sofosbuvir-based antiviral regimen. Methods This prospective study included 87 Egyptian patients with chronic HCV infection treated with sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir with or without ribavirin for 12 weeks. Serum NGAL was measured before and at the end of treatment (EOT). Analysis of NGAL and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) evolution was done. Results Our results showed a statistically significant decrease in serum NGAL (P=0.02) with a nonsignificant reduction in eGFR (P=0.02) with a nonsignificant reduction in eGFR (P=0.02) with a nonsignificant reduction in eGFR (P=0.02) with a nonsignificant reduction in eGFR (P=0.02) with a nonsignificant reduction in eGFR (. Conclusions Sofosbuvir appears to have no nephrotoxic effects and is safe to treat patients with chronic HCV infection. Copyright © 2020 Ali Nada et al.Introduction Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most frequently occurring intrusive soft tissue sarcoma in the pediatric age group. Orbit is the most common location for a pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma, but it can occur in the oral cavity, pharynx, face and neck in the descending order of incidence. Rhabdomyosarcoma in the ear is extremely rare. Case Report A 5-year-old girl presented to the outpatient department of our tertiary care hospital with complaints of foul smelling, non-blood stained right ear discharge of one-month duration and deviation of angle of mouth to the left side of acute onset. Investigations revealed a diagnosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Multimodal therapy was carried out, and the child was rendered disease-free after two years. Conclusion Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck mimics chronic otitis media. Early diagnosis is essential to deliver prompt treatment and prevent locoregional spread and metastasis.Introduction Giant cavernous hemangioma involving the nose extending to the nasopharynx and oropharynx with complete obstruction of the airway is very unusual and is yet to be described in the literature. In the present case, we have described a giant cavernous hemangioma successfully managed with endoscopic excision. Case Report A 38-year-old male patient presented with recurrent nasal bleeding for 24 months and progressive obstruction of the right nasal cavity for 8 months. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy showed a greyish mass filling the whole of the right nasal cavity and contrast-enhanced CT scan of the nose and paranasal sinus revealed a large heterogeneous contrast enhanced lesion in the nasal cavity. The endoscopic biopsy was suggestive of cavernous hemangioma. Endoscopic excision was done and the patient has been followed up for the past 12 months without any recurrence of the disease. Conclusion Cavernous hemangioma is an uncommon benign entity of the nose and paranasal sinus. Due to the nonspecific clinical and radiological pictures, it is often a challenge for the preoperative diagnosis. A high index of suspicion and complete understanding of the clinicopathological profile of the patient is vital as the major differential diagnosis is the sinonasal malignancy simulating with a similar clinical picture.Introduction Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are uncommon vascular lesions that can arise in any part of the body. Case Report In this case study, we presented a huge AVM of the upper lip in a 70-year-old man that he noticed since 5years ago with slow growth in this period. Computed tomography angiography revealed a large AVM with feeders from the right facial artery and its branch superior labial artery. Right facial artery showed increased diameter and tortuous changes. Selective catheterization of right carotid was performed followed by super selective catheterization of the right facial artery. Then, the embolization of the tumor blush was conducted. Surgical removal of the tumor was carried out10days after the embolization. Conclusion The AVM treatment is challenging, and there is a high chance of recurrence and progression. Every case should have an individualized approach that needs an accurate diagnosis and a multidisciplinary team.Introduction Various surgical approaches to parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumors are introduced to obtain complete removal with the preservation of the surrounding structures in parapharyngealneoplasms. Here, we will discuss the main techniques and their outcome. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was conducted on 78 patients undergone either transoral, transcervical or a combination of these two approaches for the resection of PSS tumors from January 2010 to January 2015. Results A number of 33 male and 45 female patients with the mean age of 40.9 ± 9.1 were evaluated. 42.3% of the patients were asymptomatic at the initial presentation. Pleomorphic adenoma and schwannoma were a permanent diagnosis in 61(78.2%) and 11(14.1%) patients, respectively. PPS tumors were resected using transoral, transcervical and combined approaches in 35(44.8%), 33(42.3%) and 10 (12.9%) cases, respectively. Recurrence occurred in 10 patients all of whom had apre-styloid pleomorphic adenoma, operated transcervical (P less then 0.0001).Three cases of tenth nerve palsy occurred in schwannomas which were operatedtranscervically (P=0.04). Mean hospital stays were 2.11,3.69, and 4.9 days after transoral, transcervical and combined approaches, respectively (P= 0.001). Conclusion Transoral, transcervical and combined approaches are all able to provide adequate visualization with comparable outcomes.
Homepage: