Notes

YM155 as well as BIRC5 downregulation induce genomic lack of stability through autophagy-mediated ROS creation along with self-consciousness throughout DNA repair.
NF Stage 51 tadpoles were exposed to two separate groups of each concentration for seven days in the AMA. Secondly, tadpoles of one group of each concentration continued to be exposed to PBF for the next 7 and 14 days while the other group was kept in a pesticide-free environment (depuration/recovery). Various morphological and biochemical markers were measured homogenate samples of tadpoles from exposure and recovery groups. Continuous exposure to relatively low PBF concentrations caused oxidative stress, toxic, and endocrine disrupting effects in the AMA, leading us to conclude that it has negative effects on frog health and development during the recovery period when PBF exposure is terminated. The glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, catalase, carboxylesterase, and acetylcholinesterase activities were higher than the control group transferred to pesticide-free media for 14 days after the 7 days exposure and indicate persistent PBF impact.Polyurethane (PU) is one of the mass-produced recalcitrant plastics with a high environmental resistance but extremely low biodegradability. Therefore, improperly disposed PU waste adds significantly to plastic pollution, which must be addressed immediately. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of reports on plastic biodegradation in insect larvae, especially those that can feed on polyethylene and polystyrene. This study revealed that yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae can chew and ingest polyether-PU foams efficiently, resulting in a significant mass loss of nearly 67% after 35 days at a similar survival rate compared to when fed on bran. However, polyether-PU fragments were found in the frass of T. molitor, indicating that polyether-PU biodegradation and bioconversion in intestinal tracts were not complete. The scission of ether and urethane bonds in the polyether-PU can be evidenced by comparing polymer fragments recovered from frass with the pristine ones using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Gel permeation chromatography suggested the release of low-molecular-weight oligomers as a result of the biodegradation, which also resulted in poor thermal stability of the polyether-PU foam as determined by thermogravimetric analysis. High-throughput sequencing of the gut microbiome revealed significant changes in the microbial community populations due to the polyether-PU diet, for example, an increase in the families Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcaceae, suggesting that these microorganisms may contribute to the polyether-PU biodegradation.With the growth of globalization which has been the primary cause of water pollution, it is utmost necessary for us living being to have access to clean water for the purpose of drinking, washing and various other useful applications. With the purpose of future security and to restore our ecological balance, it is essential to give much significance towards the removal of unwanted toxic contaminants from our water resources. In this regard adsorptive removal of toxic pollutants from wastewater with porous adsorbent is regarded as one of the most promising way for water decontamination process. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) comprising of uniformly arranged pores, abundant active sites and containing an easily tunable structure has aroused as a promising material for adsorbent to remove the unwanted contaminants from water sources. The adsorption of pollutants by the different MOFs surface are driven by various interactions including π-π, acid-base, electrostatic and H-bonding etc. On the other hand, the removal of various contaminants by MOFs is influenced by various factors including pH, temperature and initial concentration. In this review we will specifically discuss the adsorptive removal of different organic and inorganic pollutants present in our water systems with the use of MOFs as adsorbent along with the various factors and interaction mechanism manipulating the adsorption behaviour.This study aimed to develop a technique to chemically characterize odor issues in neighborhoods of designated industrial zones with pronounced emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Due to the elusive nature of odor plumes, speedy detection with sufficient sensitivity is required to capture the plumes. In this demonstration, proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) was used as the front-line detection tool in an industrial zone to guide sampling canisters for in-laboratory analysis of 106 VOCs by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/flame ionization detector (GC-MS/FID). The fast but less accurate PTR-MS coupled with the slow but accurate GC-MS/FID method effectively eliminates the drawbacks of each instrument and fortifies the strength of both when combined. A 10-day PTR-MS field screening period was conducted to determine suitable trigger VOC species with exceedingly high mixing ratios that were likely the culprits of foul odors. Twenty canister samples were then collected, triggered by m/z 43, 61 (ethyl acetate, fragments, EA), m/z 73 (methyl ethyl ketone, MEK), or m/z 88 (morpholine) in all cases. Internal consistency was confirmed by the high correlation of critical species in the PTR-MS and trigger samples. Several long-lived halocarbons were exploited as the intrinsic internal reference for quality assurance. Oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) accounted for 15%-75% of the total VOC mixing ratios in the triggered samples. However, EA and MEK, the most prominent OVOC species, did not appear to have common sources with morpholine, which presented with PTR-MS peaks incoherent with the other OVOCs. Nevertheless, these distinctive OVOC plumes were consistent with the multiple types of odor reported by the local residents. In contrast with the triggered sampling, random samples in the same industrial zone and roadside samples in a major metropolitan area were collected. The pronounced OVOC content in the triggered samples highlighted the advantage over random grab sampling to address odor issues.The air-fuel mixture preparation in pilot spray-ignited natural gas engines is primarily dominated by piston bowl profiles and fuel injection strategy. Piston bowl geometry is regarded as the crucial point in controlling engine pollutant emissions. In the present work, the SAGE combustion model was applied coupled with a general reaction kinetic mechanism. The engine model was validated with experimental data achieved from a Cummins ISX 400 engine, and good agreement between predicted and measured in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate was obtained. The influence of various piston bowl designs, including Mexican-hat geometry, double-lip geometry, bow geometry, and toroidal geometry, on the combustion process, engine performance, and pollutant emissions of a high-pressure direct-injection natural gas engine have been studied and analyzed numerically. The present study confirms the benefit of the piston bowl design as a beneficial tool to enhance the performance and pollutant emissions of the pilot diesel-ignited natural gas engine. Results showed that different chamber shapes slightly influence the combustion initiation, and the difference in in-cylinder pressure presents noticeable as the combustion continues. A higher turbulent kinetic energy improves the flow movement and facilitates the mixture formation in the cylinder. However, the combustion behavior is unwished caused by the improper injection angle of natural gas. Increasing the recess depth of combustion chambers reduces NOx formations at the price of sacrificing fuel economy. For the bow combustion chamber design, the NOx emission declined by 31.1%, while the indicated specific fuel consumption increased by 5.5% compared with the original engine. Although the indicated mean effective pressure and specific fuel consumption of the optimal double-lip geometry almost remain the same, NOx emissions can be reduced by 16.7% compared with the base design.Phenols are hazardous, but yet ubiquitous in the environment, including in atmospheric aerosols due to combustion emissions. There, phenols are subjected to secondary transformations, producing even more toxic nitrophenolic air pollutants. However, primary simple phenols, i.e. those containing only hydroxyl, methyl and methoxy substituents are not easy to detect. Trace concentrations, semi-volatile character and poorly ionizable functional groups prevent us from their determination by the most common analytical techniques, such as gas and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC/LC-MS). Here, we present a new derivatization method for MS/MS detection with positive ion electrospray ionization (+ESI-MS/MS) of simple phenols in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) extracts. The method is sensitive, selective, and robust, and requires no sample concentration step, which is critical due to the volatile character of the target analytes. After derivatization with dansyl chloride, phenol, catechol, cresols and guaiacol were detected in urban PM samples from Ljubljana, Slovenia. This method finally enables to study the abundance of primary phenols in atmospheric PM from different sources, which will improve understanding of secondary aerosol (trans)formation pathways and allow for more targeted mitigation strategies in respect to airborne phenolic pollutants.Thermal treatment is a promising technique for treating petroleum sludge (PS). However, asphaltenes as a recalcitrant fraction of PS induce strong bounding between petroleum and minerals, and therefore lead to the need for high temperature and hence high energy consumption in thermal treatment of PS. In this study, a novel method combining a deasphalting pretreatment of PS with low-temperature thermal desorption (LTTD) was developed. The efficiency of deasphalting was found to be positively correlated to the ability of n-alkanes and asphaltene dispersants in dispersing asphaltenes. In treating six different kinds of PS, the residual oil contents were all below 2.5% after the deasphalting alone. Compared with direct thermal desorption at 600 °C for 1 h, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA)-assisted heptane deasphalting made thermal desorption at 350 °C for 1 h sufficient to treat these APS. The residual oil content of sludge after LTTD is lower than 0.45%. FT-IR, Raman spectra and XPS analysis confirmed that the carbon residue in APS after LTTD is primarily graphite state, which is extremely stable and does not migrate to the surrounding environment as compared with the crude oil in the APS. Hence, solvent deasphalting results in effective treatment of PS by LTTD, while the solvent can be recycled by distillation and crude oil recovered as value-added petroleum resource. The LTTD represents therefore a novel green strategy for treating PS and resource utilization.Emerging evidence indicates that nanoplastics (NPs) can transport organic pollutants such as di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) into organisms and induce adverse health effects. Nevertheless, the toxic effects of NPs combined with DEHP on mammalian intestine are still unclear. In this study, the C57BL6J mice were exposed to polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs), DEHP or them both for 30 days to determine their effects on different segments of intestine and the gut microbiota. As a result, DEHP alone or co-exposure to DEHP and PSNPs induced histological damages in all intestinal parts, mainly manifested as the decreased villus lengths, increased crypt depths in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum and decreased villus counts accompanied with decreased epithelial area in the colon. Moreover, decreased mucus coverage, down-regulated Muc2 expression levels as well as the broken tight junctions were observed in intestinal epithelium of mice, particularly obvious in the co-treatment groups. In general, as manifested by greater alterations in most of the parameters mentioned above, simultaneously exposed to PSNPs and DEHP seemed to induce enhanced toxic effects on intestine of mouse when compared with DEHP alone.
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