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Will outpatient dental care get effect on the quality of lifetime of kids first childhood caries?
Stereotactic radiotherapy and radiosurgery allow delivery of high irradiation doses in a limited volume. These techniques are specially adapted to brain and nervous pathologies. Indication are not only cancers and tumors but also non tumor tissues such as arteriovenous malformations. In some case purpose of stereotactic radiotherapy is solely functional, for example for trigeminal neuralgia. We detail the questions that raise treatment of these non-tumor pathologies. These pathologies imply a multidisciplinary approach that associate radiation oncologists, neuro-radiologist and neurosurgeons.Thanks to the success of checkpoint inhibitors, immunotherapy now plays a major role in the management of a large number of solid tumors, while the number of indications continues to grow and new combinations could, in the near future, further modify treatment standards. However, the response rates of immunotherapies as monotherapy are modest and their use is increasingly considered in combination with other cancer treatments (chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy or certain targeted therapies). Combinations with radiotherapy seem particularly attractive because there is a strong experimental rationale linking part of the efficacy of ionizing radiation to an induced stimulation of both of the innate and adaptive response. Many early phases and a number of large randomized combination trials have published efficacy and safety results, while important trials are still ongoing and will provide answers in the near future. This short review recalls the experimental biological rationale for immuno-radiotherapy and highlights some of the fundamental directions being explored, then presents the clinical efficacy and safety results available to date, those expected in the near future, and finally outlines the outlook in this rapidly evolving field.
Metastasis to intraocular structures is a serious problem in lung cancer. Due to its rarity, however, limited information is available regarding the outcomes of treatment and prognosis. Literature often suggests a poor prognosis. We review current literature on the outcomes of systemic therapy and prognostic factors.

We conducted a systematic review of English literature published during 2009 to 2022 identified via Medline and Google Scholar search. Publications reporting on tumor response in the eyes or overall survival of patients with intraocular metastasis due to lung cancer were included. Pooled analysis of patients receiving systemic therapy was performed, utilizing individual-level patient data.

A total of 79 publications contributed 92 patients into the analysis. Choroid was the most affected intraocular structure, in 82% of patients. Histology was small cell in 13% and non-small cell in 87%. Targeted therapy was utilized in 45% of patients. A pooled analysis demonstrated that the median overall survival was 27 months (95% CI 21.8-32.2). Visual response among those with reported assessment showed that 92% of them had stable or improved vision while 8% experienced worsening of vision. Several factors including the year of treatment, age, targeted therapy, and radiation showed a significant association with survival. The strongest predictor of improved survival was the receipt of targeted therapy, with a hazard ratio of 0.31 (95% CI 0.14-0.71), P = .005.

For lung cancer patients with intraocular metastasis, systemic therapy can produce a favorable outcome. Particularly when a targeted therapy is feasible, long-term survival can be achieved.
For lung cancer patients with intraocular metastasis, systemic therapy can produce a favorable outcome. Particularly when a targeted therapy is feasible, long-term survival can be achieved.
There are limited real world data on the IMpower150 regimen in oncogene driven tumors and central nervous system metastases; this study aims to address this gap.

Retrospective analysis of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with the IMpower150 regimen across 12 Australian sites between July 2018 and April 2021. Clinicopathologic and treatment parameters were correlated with efficacy and toxicity.

A total of 106 patients identified with median follow up of 8 months (range 0-72). Median age was 61 years (range 33-83), 34% Asian and 58% never-smokers. An oncogene was reported in 94 (89%) patients, EGFR in 72 (68%). At treatment commencement, 50 (47%) patients had brain metastases, 21 (20%) leptomeningeal disease (LMD) and 47 (44%) liver metastases. 27% were treatment-naïve and pemetrexed was substituted for paclitaxel in 44 (42%). The overall response rate was 51% for all patients; 52% in patients with EGFR mutations. Patients with untreated brain metastases prior to commencing IMpower150 had a similar intracranial response as those with treated brain metastases (55% vs. 53%). The median time to treatment failure and overall survival from commencement of IMpower150 was 5.7 and 11.4 months respectively for the entire cohort and 5.2 and 10.5 months in those with an EGFR sensitizing mutation. Overall survival in patients with liver, brain metastases and LMD was 11.0, 11.4, and 7.1 months respectively. No new safety signals seen.

In this largely oncogene positive, pre-treated population the IMpower150 regimen demonstrated clinically-meaningful responses, including in patients with CNS disease.
In this largely oncogene positive, pre-treated population the IMpower150 regimen demonstrated clinically-meaningful responses, including in patients with CNS disease.The aim of this study was to investigate the gingival thickness and biologic width in the aesthetic zone (maxillary central and lateral incisors) in an Asian population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) as a non-invasive measurement method, prior to immediate implant placement. The gingival geometric ratio is introduced as a new parameter for assessing soft tissue stability and hence predicting the aesthetic outcome. The gingival thickness, biologic width category (normal, high, and low crest), and gingival geometric ratio (shape and configuration of the gingival tissues) were assessed for 171 central and 175 lateral incisors on high-resolution CBCT images. Thick gingivae were found in 93.6% of the central incisors and 64% of the lateral incisors (P 3 mm). The study found that most of the gingivae of the maxillary central incisors were thick, while thin gingivae were more prevalent in the lateral incisors. Therefore, an individual patient may have different gingival thickness types, and 'one individual, one gingival biotype' may not be true. Furthermore, the majority of the facial gingival tissues of the maxillary incisors were found to be low crest.
We review the development, implementation, and initial outcomes of a semistructured interview process to assess the nontechnical skills of surgical residency applicants.

In 2018, we restructured our residency selection interview process. Through semistructured faculty interviews, we sought to evaluate candidates along seven nontechnical skills (grit, ownership, rigor, teamwork, presence, impact, and organizational alignment). We plotted each candidate's scores on a radar plot for graphical representation and calculated the plot area of each candidate. We retrospectively evaluated 3 years of data, comparing the nontechnical skill scores of matriculants into the training program to those of nonmatriculants.

Tenwek Hospital is a 361-bed tertiary teaching and referral hospital in rural western Kenya with a 5-year general surgery residency program.

Thirty-one applicants were interviewed over 3 years. Thirteen matriculated into the program.

Scores for grit, (4.8 vs 3.9; p = 0.0004), impact (4.2 vs 3.5; p = 0.014), ownership (4.2 vs 3.6; p = 0.01), and organizational alignment (4.3 vs 3.8; p = 0.008) were significantly higher in matriculants.

This semistructured interview process provides a robust and beneficial mechanism for assessing applicants' nontechnical skills, which may allow for the matriculation of more well-rounded candidates into surgical residency and, ultimately, surgical practice.
This semistructured interview process provides a robust and beneficial mechanism for assessing applicants' nontechnical skills, which may allow for the matriculation of more well-rounded candidates into surgical residency and, ultimately, surgical practice.
There is considerable variability in surgeons' approach to write and obtain informed consent for surgery, particularly among resident trainees. We analyzed differences in procedures and complications described in documented surgical consents for cholecystectomy between residents and attendings. We hypothesized that attending consents would describe more comprehensive procedures and complications than those done by residents.

This is a retrospective analysis of 334 patients who underwent cholecystectomy. Charts were queried for demographics, surgical approach, whether the consent was completed electronically, and which provider completed the consent. Specifically, consents were evaluated for inclusion of possible conversion to open procedure, intraoperative cholangiogram, bile duct injury, injury to nearby structures, reoperation, bile leak, as well as if the consent matched the actual procedure performed.

This study was conducted at an accredited general surgery training program at an academic tertiary what should be included in one may lead to a reduction in variability between providers.
Significant variation exists between documentation between resident and attending cholecystectomy consents, with residents including more complications than attendings on their consent forms. These data suggest that experience alone does not predict content of written consents, particularly for common ambulatory procedures. Education regarding the purpose of informed consent and what should be included in one may lead to a reduction in variability between providers.
Vaginal stenosis is a distressing side effect of radiation therapy that can impair quality of life. Dilator therapy is an option for patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy to mitigate vaginal stenosis. Currently, the dilators given to patients by most hospitals are made of plastic, compared to silicone dilators which are available on the market for purchase.

We conducted a systematic literature review to find information to guide clinical recommendations to pelvic radiotherapy patients on potential differences regarding the use of plastic vs silicone dilators with regard to efficacy, cost, and patient preferences.

A systematic literature review was conducted in Embase, MEDLINE, and PubMed using Emtree terms. To be included in the review, papers needed to focus on female patients undergoing radiation therapy, assess a vaginal dilator, measure any dilator intervention outcome, and specifically compare plastic vs silicone dilators for any measured outcome (either qualitative or quantitative).

The initiatematic Review of Comparisons Between Plastic and Silicone Dilators Revealing a Knowledge Gap. Sex Med Rev 2022;10513-519.
The materials used to create dilators have never been rigorously compared in the context of radiotherapy-related vaginal stenosis. Institutions and patients have no data to guide their choice. Significantly more research at the patient and institutional level is needed to explore the potential long-term quality of life and cost benefits of improved adherence with silicone dilator use, and to guide shared decision-making regarding dilator choice. Morgan O, Lopez MD, Martinez AJC, et al. Systematic Review of Comparisons Between Plastic and Silicone Dilators Revealing a Knowledge Gap. Sex Med Rev 2022;10513-519.
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