Notes

Using supplements of Hermetia illucens Caterpillar throughout Poultry By-Product Meal-Based Barramundi, Lates calcarifer Eating plans Enhances Adipocyte Cell Measurement, Skin color Buffer Capabilities, as well as Immune system Replies.
Maslinic acid reduced the number of viable HeLa cells by inducing DNA damage and altering the expression of proteins involved in DNA damage and repair.
It has been suggested that eosinophilic variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) with low chromosome number or lack of genomic alteration has an excellent prognosis in comparison to classic chRCC. The aim of our study was to analyse the phenotypical variations of 77 chRCCs, including 7 eosinophilic ones, each diagnosed unequivocally by genetic means.

DNA isolated from chRCCs was subjected to array comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) for establishing the chromosome alteration. Original histological slides were evaluated for cellular phenotype and growth pattern and compared to the genetic alterations.

Loss of the entire chromosome 1, 2, 6, 10, 13, 17 and 21 occurred in 95%, 94%, 86% 90% 82% 90% and 66% of the cases, respectively. The number of chromosome alterations in eosinophilic forms of chRCC corresponded to those found in classic chRCC with pale-reticular cytoplasm or mixed cellular characteristics. Three of seven eosinophilic variants with loss of 4, 10 and 11 chromosomes showed metastasis at the time of diagnosis whereas only 3 metastatic tumors were noticed among the 70 classic chRCC. We did not find discriminating difference in number of chromosome alteration between classic and eosinophilic forms of chRCC.

Eosinophilic chRCC has a more aggressive biology than the classic form. To avoid diagnostic pitfall of eosinophilic renal cell tumors with uncertain diagnosis, a genetic analysis should be carried out.
Eosinophilic chRCC has a more aggressive biology than the classic form. To avoid diagnostic pitfall of eosinophilic renal cell tumors with uncertain diagnosis, a genetic analysis should be carried out.
In chronic liver disease, various immune cell subsets exert pro or anti-tumour effects by releasing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS). Here, we evaluated the oxidative and nitrosative pattern in peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations of early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients compared with HCC-free cirrhotic patients.

Venous blood samples from 18 HCC-free cirrhotic patients and 17 early stage HCC patients were collected to determine ROS, RNS and reduced glutathione levels in isolated leukocytes analyzed by flow cytometry.

Intracellular levels of ROS and glutathione were higher in lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils from HCC patients as well as mitochondrial superoxide in neutrophils and monocytes whereas intracellular levels of nitric oxide were lower in lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils.

Early HCC alters intracellular levels of ROS and RNS of some circulating leukocytes subsets. This finding may represent a potential area of interest concerning the development of new treatments and prognostic markers.
Early HCC alters intracellular levels of ROS and RNS of some circulating leukocytes subsets. This finding may represent a potential area of interest concerning the development of new treatments and prognostic markers.
Treatment failure in oral cancer is mainly caused by uncontrolled cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis. We previously reported that CD11b+ cells are recruited into tumor hypoxic areas following radiation, leading to re-vascularization and relapse. Since lymphatic vessel formation has similarities with vascular formation, we examined whether surgery induces hypoxia and stimulates lymphangiogenesis.

The recruitment of CD11b+ cells and the formation of lymphatic vessels were examined using orthotopic tongue cancer mouse models with glossectomy.

Surgery on OSC-19 tumor induced LN metastases and hypoxia, followed by CD11b+ cell influx. These phenomena were not observed in the no tumor or SAT tumor models. Stimulation of lymphangiogenesis was observed in the CD11b+ cell influx area, as the tumor grew. The localization of CD11b+ cells was changed from the lymph nodules to the medullary sinuses.

Surgery-induced hypoxia in oral tumors leads to CD11b+ cell infiltration, lymphangiogenesis, and LN metastasis.
Surgery-induced hypoxia in oral tumors leads to CD11b+ cell infiltration, lymphangiogenesis, and LN metastasis.
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) have a crucial role in cancer. However, the role of ADGRF4, one of aGPCRs, in cancer has yet to be revealed. Therefore, we investigated its role in lung cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.

ADGRF4 gene expression pattern in lung cancer were analyzed by in silico analyses. RNA sequencing was conducted to investigate gene expression pattern altered by ADGRF4 knockdown. Lung cancer cell lines were subjected to cell migration and invasion assays.

In silico analysis data indicated a major role of ADGRF4 in lung cancer. RNA sequencing data showed that ADGRF4 gene silencing in lung cancer cells altered global expression pattern. ADGRF4 gene silencing reduced lung cancer cell invasiveness. Furthermore, PPP2C gene expression was most significantly down-regulated by ADGRF4 gene silencing. PPP2C overexpression rescued cell invasiveness inhibited by ADGRF4 gene silencing, and PPP2C gene silencing blocked lung cancer cell invasiveness.

ADGRF4 regulates lung cancer cell invasiveness via PPP2C.
ADGRF4 regulates lung cancer cell invasiveness via PPP2C.
In patients with colorectal liver metastases, the possibility for radical liver resection can be limited by oxaliplatin-induced sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS). This study investigates the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to improve the outcome of liver resections in pigs with SOS.

SOS was induced in all animals (n=20) on day 0. Animals in the experimental group (n=8) received allogeneic MSC on day 7. Liver resection was performed in all animals on day 14 and the animals were observed until day 28. Ultrasound volumetry, biochemical analysis and histological examination of liver parenchyma was performed during the follow-up period.

Six animals from the control group died prematurely, while all animals survived in the experimental group. According to histology, biochemical analysis and ultrasound volumetry, there were no significant differences between the groups documenting the effect of MSC.

Single dose allogeneic MSC administration improved survival of animals with SOS undergoing partial liver resection. Further experiments with different timing of liver resection and MSC administration should be performed to investigate the effect of MSC in more detail.
Single dose allogeneic MSC administration improved survival of animals with SOS undergoing partial liver resection. Further experiments with different timing of liver resection and MSC administration should be performed to investigate the effect of MSC in more detail.
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most malignant primary brain tumor. New treatment strategies against the disease are urgently needed, as therapies are not completely efficient. In this study, we evaluated the antitumorigenic activity of the carotenoid fucoxanthin (Fx) on human GBM cells in vitro.

GBM1 cell viability and proliferation was assessed by MTT reduction, Ki67 and single cell cloning assays. GBM1 migration and invasion were analyzed by wound healing and Transwell assays. Apoptosis and necrosis were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) by the selective fluorescent dye tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester. Cell morphology was analyzed through scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Fx anti-angiogenic effect was assessed by the CAM ex ovo assay.

Fx decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner (40-100 μ M) in GBM1, A172 and C6 cell lines and was not cytotoxic to murine astrocytes. In addition, Fx inhibited the proliferation and clonogenic potential, and decreased migration and invasion of GBM1 cells. Furthermore, Fx induced apoptosis, loss of ΔΨm and ultrastructural alterations in GBM1. Fx-treated GBM1 cells-conditioned medium reduced the quail yolk membrane vascularity.

Fx induces cytotoxicity, anti-proliferative, anti-invasive and anti-angiogenic effects on GBM1 cells.
Fx induces cytotoxicity, anti-proliferative, anti-invasive and anti-angiogenic effects on GBM1 cells.
Advanced ovarian clear-cell carcinoma (CCC) fails to respond to standard chemotherapy, and has a poor prognosis. Since hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) stimulates various genes involved in cancer, we aimed to examine the efficacy of silibinin, an active component of milk thistle belonging to Asteraceae, in suppressing HIF-1 activity, and elucidate the underlying mechanism in human CCC cell lines.

Human ovarian CCC cell lines HAC-2, OVISE, and RMG-1 were treated with 500 μM silibinin for 4 h under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Using DNA microarray, we analysed genes whose expression modulated more than 2-fold in response to hypoxia, whereas HIF-1α expression was measured using ELISA.

Silibinin treatment decreased HIF-1α protein in all cell lines, and eIF4E2 and RPS6 mRNA in HAC-2 and RMG-1 cells.

Silibinin suppressed HIF-1α protein under hypoxic conditions in CCC cell lines and could be a potential anti-cancer drug.
Silibinin suppressed HIF-1α protein under hypoxic conditions in CCC cell lines and could be a potential anti-cancer drug.
To examine the dynamics of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in pancreatic cancer (PC), new mouse CTC models from human PC xenografts were developed.

Orthotopic (pancreas) and heterotopic (subcutaneous) transplantation models using GFP-tagged SUIT-2 PC cells were prepared. Using a cytology-based CTC detection platform, CTCs and metastasis were compared.

The two types of orthotopic models, including the surgical transplantation model and the intraperitoneal injection model, showed a similar pattern of initial pancreatic tumour formation and subsequent development of peritoneal and hematogenous lung metastases. In the heterotopic model, only hematogenous lung metastasis was observed, and the number of CTCs and lung metastases was higher than that of the orthotopic model. Furthermore, KRAS mutation (G12D) was detected in CTCs.

These orthotopic and heterotopic models clearly differ in terms of the pattern of metastasis and CTCs and therefore, would be useful PC models to investigate the effect of drug-therapy on CTCs and the role of KRAS mutation.
These orthotopic and heterotopic models clearly differ in terms of the pattern of metastasis and CTCs and therefore, would be useful PC models to investigate the effect of drug-therapy on CTCs and the role of KRAS mutation.
Intraperitoneal chemotherapy with taxanes provides high locoregional drug concentrations. Regarding their synergy with hyperthermia, results have been inconclusive. In this in vitro study, the thermal enhancement of the effect of paclitaxel and docetaxel on ovarian cancer cells under conditions mimicking those during hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is evaluated.

Cisplatin-resistant SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells were exposed for 2 h to 0.1, 1 and 3 μΜ of paclitaxel and docetaxel at 37°C (normothermia) and 41.5°C (hyperthermia). Cell proliferation and cell-cycle distribution were evaluated after 24 h, 3 days and 7 days.

A concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect on cell proliferation was observed. Concurrent hyperthermia caused an increased arrest of cells in the G
/M phase. At 7 days, thermal enhancement of drug effect was shown only for treatment of OVCAR-3 cells with 1 μM paclitaxel.

The concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel and docetaxel supports their intraperitoneal use.
Read More: