Notes

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These results proved that M-gallate pellets was promising candidates for the practical industrial realization of C2 hydrocarbons separation.It is of great importance to develop selective and stable metal catalysts for the aqueous levulinic acid hydrogenation, yet challenging. Herein, we report a yolk-structured sing atom catalyst (SAC) with amine-modified Ru1/Fe3O4 core and periodic mesoporousorganosilica (PMO) shell, synthesized by a core-shell dual stabilization strategy. The Ru single atoms (0.76 wt%) are inserted into the oxygen vacancies of spheric Fe3O4, and stabilized by the amine groups from 1,6-hexanediamine. The hollow PMO sphere is hydrophobic, that affords a strong barrier for interior Ru1/Fe3O4 core, and the shell mesopore (4.2 nm) along with the cavity enhances the porosity of the resultant catalyst. As expected, the amine-promoted Ru1/Fe3O4 core in the hollow PMO shell (denoted as N-Ru1/Fe3O4@void@PMO), proves to be highly selective and stable for the aqueous levulinic acid (LA) hydrogenation under harsh conditions (pH ≈ 1), giving γ-valerolactone (GVL), a biomass-derived platform molecule with wide applications in the preparation of renewable chemicals and liquid transportation fuels. The elaborately fabricated catalyst is highly efficient, delivering 98.9% of selectivity to GVL and 99.0% of LA conversion in acidic water. And a high turnover frequency of 1084 h-1 is achieved and this catalyst can be cycled 7 times without apparent drop of GVL yield and LA conversion. The amine-stabilized Ru single sites, acid-resistant Fe3O4 circled by the hydrophobic shell, and the enhanced porosity of catalyst, are responsible for the excellent catalytic performance of N-Ru1/Fe3O4@void@PMO in acidic water.The two-dimensional semiconductor photocatalytic material has excellent photocatalytic H2 evolution activity. In order to further improve the hydrogen production activity of g-C3N4, this study improved the preparation process of g-C3N4 and obtained a new photocatalyst (name H-CN) with a higher absorption range, larger specific surface area, and faster hydrogen production activity. Compared with the originally prepared g-C3N4, the H-CN absorption range has been improved, and the utilization of visible light has reached 650 nm. When the doping amount of Pt cocatalyst was 1.0 wt%, the H-CN demonstrates excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production activity, with a hydrogen production rate of 4.3 mmol h-1·g-1, which was 7.0 times higher than that pure 1.0 wt% Pt/g-C3N4. The fluorescence spectroscopy of H-CN showed better separation of carriers and longer lifetime. This study has guiding significance for the preparation of subsequent ultra-thin nanosheet photocatalysts and the establishment of high-efficiency photocatalytic systems.Heterojunction formation and morphology control have always been regarded as effective ways to improve the performance of visible-light-driven photocatalysts. In this study, a new facile strategy was applied to synthesize the Z-scheme GO/AgI/Bi2O3 heterojunction, where polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (KH-570) were used to modulate the morphologies. Methyl orange and tetracycline hydrochloride were chosen as target contaminants to evaluate the photocatalytic properties of samples and the results revealed that 2% GO/AgI/Bi2O3 exhibited the best photocatalytic performance under visible-light irradiation. The enhanced photocatalytic activity can mainly attribute to Z-scheme heterojunction formed by the deposing of AgI and GO as well as the sufficient heterogeneous interfaces resulted from the improved morphology, which have effectively promoted the separation and transfer of electron-hole pairs. To deeply realize the enhanced performance of GO/AgI/Bi2O3 photocatalysts, the reaction kinetics, trapping experiments and photocatalytic mechanism were deduced.
Molecular architecture and composition of amphiphilic bottlebrush copolymers will dictate the dominant interfacial relaxation modes and the corresponding dilatational rheology for adsorbed layers at oil/water interfaces in a way that will correlate with the emulsifying efficiency of different bottlebrush copolymers.

Amphiphilic, xylene-soluble poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PEO-PBA) heterografted bottlebrush copolymers with controlled differences in backbone length, hydrophilicity and arm length were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization. Dilatational rheology of adsorbed layers at the xylene/water interface was probed via pendant drop tensiometry by measuring the interfacial stress response to either large-amplitude strain cycling or small-amplitude strain oscillation. The rheological response was recorded as a function of interfacial pressure for adsorbed layers under different compression states. Emulsifying efficiency was determined as the lowest copolymer concentration thancy, while an increase in modulus with increasing interfacial pressure did so.In this present work, tungsten carbide (WC) nanoparticles were intercalated between graphene nanoflakes (GNFs) using sonication followed by hydrothermal treatment. Pristine WC, GNFs and a series of WC@GNFs nanomaterials were physically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and water contact angle measurements. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance studies were operated to investigate the electrochemical performance of these nanocomposites as efficient capacitive deionization (CDI) electrodes with improved electrochemical characteristics and specific capacitances in NaCl solution. Among the synthesized nanomaterials, WC@GNFs containing 10% WC displayed appreciable specific capacitance [580.00 F g-1], salt removal efficiency [95.50%], electrosorptive capacity [22.155 mg g-1] and charge efficiency [0.356] values. Accordingly, the measured results in this study indicate that WC@GNFs nanomaterials are suitable electrodes with an easy preparation route for efficient CDI technology.In this work, for the first time we are reporting the development of a kind of high rate and long cycle life electrode composed of nickel cobalt manganese ternary carbonate hydroxide (NiCoMn-CH) ultrathin nanoflakes coated on Co-CH nanowire arrays (NWAs), which are directly generated on a nickel foam (NF) support. The hierarchical heterostructures are synthesized via a scalable two step solvothermal strategy without any adscititious surfactant and binder. The smart combination of Co-CH and NiCoMn-CH nanostructures in the nanowire arrays shows significant synergistic effect on the enhancement of the electrochemical performance of the as-fabricated supercapacitors. The as-obtained electrode exhibits excellent conductivity and high specific surface area, resulting in an unprecedented high specific capacitance (up to 3224F g-1 at 1 A g-1 in a three-electrode system) and an ultralong cycling stability (92.4% retention after 6000 successive charge-discharge cycles 5 A g-1). Meanwhile, an asymmetric supercapacitor device assembled of the Co-CH@NiCoMn-CH hierarchical nanostructures as positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as negative electrode delivers good energy density of 20.31 W h kg-1 at the power density of 748.46 W kg-1 in the operation window 0-1.5 V. This methodology could be generalized to the design of other novel structured nanomaterials for energy storage devices and other applications.
Nonionic surfactants have been widely used for many consumer products and industrial processes, and their applications often involve temperature-cycling across cloud point temperature (T
). To explore the behavior of nonionic surfactants across T
and when mixed with colloidal silica at a very dilute concentration around 0.1wt%, a series of 1,2-epoxybutane-capped alcohol ethoxylates (BAEs) with various cloud points is used as a model system.

BAEs with cloud points from 15 to 64°C were successfully prepared by varying the lengths of 1,2-epoxybutane (BO) and ethylene oxide (EO) blocks and their phase behavior across T
was studied using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

In the absence of silica, the NMR signals are not greatly affected by the cloud point transition, but both the water and surfactant exhibit a decrease in spin-spin relaxation time once the temperature reaches the T
. In the presence of silica, the NMR spectra indicate significantly reduced mobility of the EO portion relative to the alkyl and BO segments. Furthermore, our results suggest that the BAE surfactants are not fractionally clouding out or precipitating with a portion of the compositional distribution during the cloud point transition.
In the absence of silica, the NMR signals are not greatly affected by the cloud point transition, but both the water and surfactant exhibit a decrease in spin-spin relaxation time once the temperature reaches the Tcloud. In the presence of silica, the NMR spectra indicate significantly reduced mobility of the EO portion relative to the alkyl and BO segments. Furthermore, our results suggest that the BAE surfactants are not fractionally clouding out or precipitating with a portion of the compositional distribution during the cloud point transition.Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)/semiconductor hybrids have attracted attention in photocatalysis. Herein, we report a new strategy to use thiol-laced UiO-66 (UiO-66-(SH)2) as a porous and functional support for anchoring CdS quantum dots (QDs) (size 0.5/3 nm). Cd2+ ions are firstly absorbed into the cavities of UiO-66-(SH)2 MOFs via coordinating to the thiol groups in the presence of a base to produce UiO-66-(S-Cd)2, then thiourea is added to form UiO-66-(S-CdS)2 (abbreviated as UiOS-CdS). It is clearly revealed by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy that the thio linkage between UiO-66 and CdS acts as an effective transfer bridge of charge carriers, which greatly promotes the interface transfer process of photogenerated electrons and holes, boosting the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance from water splitting. The optimized UiOS-CdS exhibits a photocatalytic H2 production rate of 153.2 μmol h-1 (10 mg of catalyst) under visible-light irradiation (λ > 420 nm) in the absence of nobel metal co-catalyst, corrsponding to an apparent quantum efficiency of 11.9% at 420 nm. This work may provide an effective strategy to construct QDs-linker-MOFs stylephotocatalysts for efficient energy conversion.An emerging body of evidence has highlighted the significant role of the pulmonary microbiota during respiratory infections. The individual microbiome is nowadays recognized to supervise the outcome of the host-pathogen interaction by orchestrating mechanisms of immune regulation, inflammation, metabolism, and other physiological processes. A shift in the normal flora of the respiratory tract is associated with several lung inflammatory disorders including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or cystic fibrosis. These diseases are characterized by a lung microenvironment that becomes permissive to infections caused by the opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Although the role of the lung microbiota in the pathophysiology of respiratory fungal diseases remains elusive, microbiota-derived components have been proposed as important biomarkers to be considered in the diagnosis of these severe infections. Here, we review this emerging area of research and discuss the potential of microbiota-derived products in the diagnosis of respiratory fungal diseases.
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