Notes

Concentrations Cells Control Cells Inhibition Chain Formation Cells Processing
N-Methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin induced accumulation of oligomannose-type chains containing three glucose residues, and cells treated with 1-deoxynojirimycin contained oligosaccharides with one to three glucose residues. Get it now cultured in the presence of the inhibitors retained sensitivity towards the galactose-binding lectins ricin and modeccin.Structure of a complex-type sugar chain of human glycophorin A.Tryptic glycopeptide T1 of human glycophorin A [Tomita, M., & Marchesi, V. T.

hydrazinolysis. After N-acetylation, the complex-type oligosaccharides were isolated by gel filtration. The major neutral oligosaccharide ( molecular weight) was purified by a combination of ion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography. Treatments with endo- and exo-glycosidases, periodate oxidation, and methylation analysis indicated that the major neutral oligosaccharide has the following structure Gal beta 1 leads to -4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 6(GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4)(Gal beta 1 leads to -4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4-(Fuc alpha 1 leads to 6)GlcNAc. This oligosaccharide was retained by Ricinus communis agglutinin-Sepharose and retarded by Sepharose 4B coupled with erythroagglutinating E4 isolectin from Phaseolus vulgaris. 2'-fucosyllactose by concanavalin A-Sepharose was observed only after treatment of the oligosaccharide with beta-galactosidase.The rkp-1 cluster is required for secretion of Kdo homopolymeric capsular polysaccharide in Sinorhizobium meliloti strain Rm21.

Under conditions of nitrogen stress, leguminous plants form symbioses with soil bacteria called rhizobia. This partnership results in the development of structures called root nodules, in which differentiated endosymbiotic bacteria reduce molecular dinitrogen for the host. The establishment of rhizobium-legume symbioses requires the bacterial synthesis of oligosaccharides, exopolysaccharides, and capsular polysaccharides. Previous studies suggested that the 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid (Kdo) homopolymeric capsular polysaccharide produced by strain Sinorhizobium meliloti Rm21 contributes to symbiosis with Medicago sativa under some conditions. However, a conclusive symbiotic role for this polysaccharide could not be determined due to a lack of mutants affecting its synthesis. In this study, we have further characterized the synthesis, secretion, and symbiotic function of the Kdo homopolymeric capsule. We showed that mutants lacking the enigmatic rkp-1 gene cluster fail to display the Kdo capsule on the cell surface but accumulate an intracellular polysaccharide of unusually high M(r).

In addition, we have demonstrated that mutations in kdsB2, smb4, and smb5 affect the polymerization of the Kdo homopolymeric capsule. Our studies also suggest a role for the capsular polysaccharide in symbiosis. Previous reports have shown that the overexpression of rkpZ from strain Rm41 allows for the symbiosis of exoY mutants of Rm21 that are unable to produce the exopolysaccharide succinoglycan. Our results demonstrate that mutations in the rkp-1 cluster prevent this phenotypic suppression of exoY mutants, although mutations in kdsB2, smb4, and smb5 The New Structure of Core Oligosaccharide Presented by Proteus penneri A and Palusiak A(1), Maciejewska A(2), Lugowski C(3)(4), Rozalski A(5), Kaszowska and Immunology, University of Lodz, PL--237 Lodz, Poland. Sciences, R. Weigla 12, PL-53-114 Wroclaw, Poland. and Immunology, University of Lodz, -237 Lodz, Poland.

Sciences, R. Weigla 12, PL-53-114 Wroclaw, Poland. The new type of core oligosaccharide in Proteus penneri A and 41 lipopolysaccharides has been investigated by ¹H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and chemical methods. Core oligosaccharides of both strains were chosen for structural analysis based on the reactivity of LPSs with serum against P. penneri A core oligosaccharide-diphtheria toxoid conjugate. Structural analyses revealed that P. penneri A and 41 LPSs possess an identical core oligosaccharide.

Conflict of interest statement The authors declare no conflict of interest.Immunosuppressive activity of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein oligosaccharides effect of removal of outer sugars and conjugation with a protein carrier.Tamm-Horsfall (TH) glycoprotein, the major protein of human urine, is, in vitro, a powerful immunosuppressive agent and the activity resides in its oligosaccharide chains.
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