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Results Biofilm Formation Rabbit Bowel Biofilms Laboratory Rodents Humans
AIM: Detection of duration of existence of Yersinia enterocolitica in substrates ofagro complex and formation of biofilms by causative agent during artificial semination of forage and meat products. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Y. enterocolitica 09 strain and its rifampicin-resistant selective media (HiMedia), biochemical properties of isolates were controlled on API test-systems (Bio-Merieux). The presence ofyopA gene localized on virulence plasmid pCad was determined in PCR. Vital staining of biofilms was carried out by Live/Dead stain (Invitrogen, USA). Visualization of the data was registered by using GMS-510 (USA) microscope with digital camera and Skope Photo software electron microscope (SEM) JSM6380 (Japan).

RESULTS: Prolonged duration of existence of Y. enterocolitica in substrates of agro complex with conservation of pCad virulence plasmid by causative agent was detected. SEM demonstrated stages of biofilm formation during artificial semination of animal forage, meat products and materials of food equipment in a wide range of temperatures from 10 to 30 degrees C, and vital stain detected CONCLUSION: Agro complexes are a variant oftechnogenic foci where ecological conditions for prolonged existence of sapronosis are formed. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat-Dependent, Biofilm-Specific Death of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mediated by Increased The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat present in many archaea and bacteria. CRISPR/Cas systems are incredibly diverse, and there is increasing evidence of CRISPR/Cas systems playing a role in cellular functions distinct from phage immunity. Previously, our laboratory reported one such alternate function in which the type 1-F CRISPR/Cas system of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain UCBPP-PA14 (abbreviated as P. aeruginosa PA14) inhibits both biofilm formation and swarming motility when the bacterium is lysogenized by the bacteriophage DMS3.

In this study, we demonstrated that the presence of just the DMS3 protospacer and the protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) on the P. aeruginosa genome is necessary and sufficient for this CRISPR-dependent loss of these group behaviors, with no requirement of additional DMS3 sequences. We also demonstrated that the interaction of the CRISPR system with the DMS3 protospacer induces expression of SOS-regulated phage-related genes, including the well-characterized pyocin operon, through the activity of the nuclease Cas3 and subsequent RecA activation. Furthermore, our data suggest that expression of the phage-related genes results in bacterial cell death on a surface due to the inability of the CRISPR-engaged strain to downregulate phage-related gene expression, while these phage-related genes have minimal impact on growth and viability under planktonic conditions. Deletion of the phage-related genes restores biofilm formation and swarming motility while still maintaining a functional CRISPR/Cas system, demonstrating that the loss of these group behaviors is an indirect effect of IMPORTANCE: The various CRISPR/Cas systems found in both archaea and bacteria are incredibly diverse, and advances in understanding the complex mechanisms of these varied systems has not only increased our knowledge of host-virus interplay but has also led to a major advancement in genetic engineering. Recently, increasing evidence suggested that bacteria can co-opt the CRISPR system for functions besides adaptive immunity to phage infection. Rhamnose-containing polysaccharides examined one such alternative function, and this report describes the mechanism of type 1-F CRISPR-dependent loss of the biofilm and swarming in the medically relevant opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Since both biofilm formation and swarming motility are important in the virulence of P. aeruginosa, a full understanding of how the CRISPR system can regulate such group behaviors is fundamental to developing new therapeutics. Expression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis NLPC/p60 family protein Rv0024 induce biofilm formation and resistance against cell wall acting anti-tuberculosis Bacterial species are capable of living as biofilm and/or planktonic forms. Colanic acid polymer of biofilms in the pathogenesis of several human pathogens is well established. However, in case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection the role of biofilms and the genetic requirements for biofilm formation remains largely unknown.
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