Notes

Trial Registration Clinicaltrials
Seebio 2'-Fucose lactose of interest statement The authors declare no conflicts of interest.Production optimization of invertase by Lactobacillus brevis Mm-6 and its A sequential optimization strategy, based on statistical experimental designs, was employed to enhance the production of invertase by Lactobacillus brevis Mm-6 isolated from breast milk. First, a 2-level Plackett-Burman design was applied to screen the bioprocess parameters that significantly influence the invertase production. Order now was performed using fractional factorial design in order to optimize the amounts of variables have the highest positive significant effect on the invertase production. A maximal enzyme activity of 1399Uml was more than five folds the activity obtained using the basal medium.

Invertase was immobilized onto grafted alginate beads to improve the enzyme's stability. Immobilization process increased the operational temperature from to °C compared to the free enzyme. The reusability test proved the durability of the grafted alginate beads for 15 cycles with retention of 0% of the immobilized enzyme activity to be more convenient for industrial Effects of Having Preterm Infants Smell Amniotic Fluid, Mother's Milk, and Mother's Odor During Heel Stick Procedure on Pain, Physiological Parameters, and Küçük Alemdar D(1), Kardaş Özdemir F(2).OBJECTIVE The study aims to assess effects of having preterm infants smell amniotic fluid, mother's milk, and mother's odor during heel stick procedure on pain, physiological parameters, and crying duration.MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was a randomized controlled experimental research. The population of the study was made up of preterm infants receiving treatment and care at a neonatal intensive care unit, where the study was conducted between January 15 and March 16. The study was performed with 85 preterm infants who met the selection criteria.

Infants were randomized into four groups amniotic fluid, mother's milk, mother's odor, and control group. Data obtained were analyzed by percentage distributions, means, standard deviation, chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunnett's test.RESULTS While no significant difference was found between the groups in terms of total preterm infant pain profile score before, during, and after the heel stick procedure (p 5), a significant difference was found in terms of SO2 values (p 5) and the difference was caused by the amniotic fluid group. Although no significant difference was found between the groups in terms of crying duration (p 5), the amniotic fluid group had the lowest score, followed by the mother's milk group, the mother's odor group, and the control CONCLUSIONS Amniotic fluid, mother's milk, and mother's odor were not effective in preterm infants during painful procedures.Loop Protein Engineering for Improved Transglycosylation Activity of a Jamek SB(1)(2), Muschiol J(1), Holck J(1), Zeuner B(1), Busk PK(1), Mikkelsen Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 229, Certain enzymes of the glycoside hydrolase family  (GH) exert transglycosylation activity and catalyze the transfer of β-N-acetylglucosamine a key human milk oligosaccharide backbone moiety. The present work is aimed at increasing the transglycosylation activity of two selected hexosaminidases, HEX1 and HEX2, to synthesize LNT2 from lactose and chitobiose. Peptide pattern recognition analysis was used to categorize all GH proteins in subgroups.

On this basis, we identified a series of proteins related to HEX1 and HEX2. By sequence alignment, four additional loop sequences were identified that were not present in HEX1 and HEX2. Insertion of these loop sequences into the wild-type sequences induced increased transglycosylation activity for three out of eight mutants. The best mutant, HEX1GTEPG , had a transglycosylation yield of LNT2 on the donor that was nine times higher than that of the wild-type enzyme. Homology modeling of the enzymes revealed that the loop insertion produced a more shielded substrate-binding pocket. This shielding is suggested to explain the reduced hydrolytic activity, which in turn resulted in the increased transglycosylation activity of HEX1GTEPG .beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1----3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopy ran osyl oligosaccharide chains.

Identification of a beta-D-galactoside alpha-(2----3)- and a 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucoside alpha-(2----6)-sialyltransferase in regenerating rat liver and other tissues.
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