Notes

Early Problems of Pakistan
Introduction
The emergence of Pakistan, after a long and arduous freedom movement, wasinfact a great victory of the democratic idea of life. The Indian Muslims happily and valiantly laid down their lives and properties to achieve a destination inwhich they saw the fulfillment of their dreams of living an independent life freefrom Hindu and British dominance. Quaid-e-Azam on 15th August, 1947 saidMy thoughts are those valiant fighters in our cause who readily sacrificed all they had, including their lives to make Pakistan possible.
Initial Difficulties of Pakistan
From its very inception, Pakistan faced a large number of problems. Some of theinitial difficulties were
1. Choice of Capital and Establishment of Government
The first problem that Pakistan had to face was to choose a capital to form aGovernment and to establish a secretariat. Karachi was chosen as the capital of Pakistan. Quaid-e-Azam took the office of the Governor General, Liaquat Ali Khanwas appointed as Prime Minister and a Cabinet of experienced persons wasselected. Arrangements were to be made to bring the officials who had opted forPakistan from Delhi to Karachi.
2. Unfair Boundary Distribution
A boundary commission was set up under a British Chairman, Sir Cyril Redcliff.He misused his powers and handed over Muslims majority areas like Gurdaspur,Ferozpur and Junagadh to India hence providing them a gateway to Kashmir.Quaid-e-Azam called it an unjust, incomprehensible and even perverse award
3.Canal Water Dispute
Most of the rivers flowing in Pakistan have their origin in India. In 1948, Indiastopped water supply to Pakistani canals to damage the Pakistani agriculture.However on 9th September, 1960 on agreement called Indus Basin Treaty wassigned between the two countries.
4. Kashmir Dispute
Kashmir dispute is the most important and unsolved problem. Kashmir is thenatural part of Pakistan because at the time of partition 85% of the Kashmir'stotal population was Muslim. The Hindu Dogra Rule, who was secretly with theGovernment of India, declared Kashmir as a part of India. Pakistan hascontinuously insisted that Kashmir must get their right of self determination butdue to non-cooperation of India, Kashmir issue still remain unsolved
5.Electricity Problem
Due to transfer of Muslim majority areas to India and of unfair demarcation,electricity system of West Punjab was disrupted, because all power stations wereat Mundi, a predominantly Muslim majority area, gifted to Bharat but Quaid-e-Azam said :

"If we are to exist as a nation, we will have to face the problem with determination and force"
6.Economic Struggles:
At the beginning, Pakistan's economy was largely agrarian, lacking a robust industrial foundation. The division of assets with India exacerbated economic difficulties, leading to widespread poverty and unemployment.
.. Conclusion:
Pakistan came into being as a free muslim state in unfavorable circumstances. It had no resources it had to build up administrative machinery from a scratch. Nut supreme efforts were made by Quaid e Azam colleagues to gapples with situation. His golden principles unity, faith and discipline gave way to Pakistan for a bright future of a strong and well develop country. In last message of nation on 14 august 1948 he told the nation
The foundation of your state has been laid amd it is now for you to build and build as quickly and well as you can.