Notes

11 Robot Development Trends
The continuing development of robotics will largely depend upon related industries: the science of materials and advances in computer products. Analysts have identified the primary trends in the industry for one more 5yrs.

People often overestimate the impact with the latest technology sooner and underestimate its impact in the long term.

But this does not negate the fact that the expert community, the state and business need a roadmap to the growth and development of innovative industries in the foreseeable future.

The authors with the annual survey with the home and industrial robots market discussed with experts the fundamental trends in this field and in the report for 2021 presented 11 areas that over the following 5 years may have the greatest influence on the development of robotics in the world.

1. New materials

Even as we evaluate the simplest industrial manipulators, in 2019 roughly 3.5 thousand people per robot, and this ratio is unlikely to cultivate without radical modifications in the science of materials that robotics is made, the authors with the review are sure. They pay special care about two promising materials:

gallium nitride (GaN), which may successfully replace silicon for transistor manufacturing;
graphene, a super-thin and super-strong material where it's possible to produce actuators for robots, new batteries and even more.

2. New sources of energy, technologies for its collection and storage

Considering the quantity of heat generated with the combustion of gasoline and the human requirement of energy, it is easy to calculate if individuals were eating gasoline, they would merely have 150 g of fuel per day. In turn, electric motors are even less energy efficient than an inside combustion engine. In order for robots to be able to compete with humans in their capabilities, breakthrough technologies are essential in their energy supply.

For example, this is the improvement of current lithium batteries, the creation of new batteries according to hydrogen, and the like. Also, we must remember about alternative, alternative energy sources. Finally, a technology might be carried out recharge the robot remotely, for example, from energy sources included in a floor or walls.

3. Interaction of sets of robots and people

These are unmanned traffic management systems. To avoid accidents and accidents, transport robots must have a channel of communication both with humans sufficient reason for the other.

4. Navigation in extreme conditions

Robots must realize what they're doing and where they may be moving not merely under normal human conditions, but also where people simply cannot get there: for example, in high altitude or for the seabed.

In addition, situations is not excluded when the robot will continue to be completely without communication (by way of example, underground or in the event of the satellite breakdown). In this case, you should produce a fully autonomous navigation system for unmanned devices. Similar developments already exist both abroad and in Russia.

5. Machine learning

The development of artificial intelligence is critical to create truly useful and "smart" robots. Over the next several years, Sberbank analysts identify four fundamental vectors of development of this type:

improving the efficiency utilizing neural networks start by making their architecture more complex or reducing power consumption;

teaching algorithmic procedures as an alternative to hard programming, which will simplify and, therefore, improve the operation of acquiring skills through the machine;

mass adoption of cloud services for machine learning;

improvement of motional actions of robots as a result of artificial intelligence technologies.

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6. Human-machine interaction

The robot economy, like all other innovative technologies, is around increasing productivity. That is, automation just isn't a finish in itself, but an instrument for increasing economic efficiency. The authors from the review are inclined to think that the very best result is going to be shown not by replacing people who have robots, but by their cooperation. According to them, the interaction of robots and humans will develop in four main areas:

a robot as a power tool that repeats human capabilities (for example, exoskeletons and prostheses);

robot as a power tool that expands human capabilities;

an avatar robot, that's, a machine remotely controlled by a person in hard-to-reach places;

social interaction having a person, for example voice assistants and chat bots.

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7. click over here of the Sberbank report believe within the next five-years we're unlikely to see a breakthrough in hardware technologies for robots ("hardware"), though the progression of software will raise the capabilities and reduce the price of manipulation technology.

First of most, were talking about helping the feedback of sensors. Robot, grabbing a thing, can have to inform the operator at length about how heavy it is, dimensions, compression force, etc. Also, new computer technologies will make it possible to program more advanced trajectories of motion of manipulators.

8. Sensorics

One of the definitions with the notion of "robot", that your analysts of Sberbank comply with, says that it is a machine that's capable to perceive the globe around it with the help of sensors, process the signals received in this way and react accordingly. Reducing the cost, simplifying and enhancing the capabilities of sensorics is one in the key trends within the continuing development of robotics in the long term.

9. Robosimulators

Large amounts of data are needed to teach robots. To receive them, it is not necessary to create a model of an robot - it sometimes might be economically unprofitable, often even dangerous for an individual. Therefore, the amount of coming of computer simulators of an robot is only going to increase while using expansion of automation.

10. New drive

Fundamentally, the principles of creating drive mechanisms are unlikely to switch, but even here the authors in the review locate a field for innovation. In addition to the new super-strong materials specified within the first paragraph, these could be new motors and gearboxes.

11. Design and production

Again, this is primarily about software innovation. Libraries of electronic components, high-quality digital diaries, virtual reality tools can simplify the item design process.

At the production stage, the progress of robotics will probably be stimulated by the emergence of new materials, their decline in price, as well as the development of 3D printing. It also requires optimization of software, that will make it easier and faster to produce new machines.
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