Notes

Japan Laboratory Health Department Medicine Faculty Agriculture Tokyo University Agriculture Technology Japan
Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.The host protease TMPRSS2 plays an essential role in proteolytic activation of the influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) protein possessing a monobasic cleavage site. However, after passages in TMPRSS2 knockout mice, an H3N2 subtype IAV began to undergo cleavage activation of HA, showing high virulence in the mice due to the loss of an oligosaccharide at position 8 in the HA stalk region. Thus, the H3N2 IAV acquired cleavability by an alternative HA activation Differential Dynamics at Glycosidic Linkages of an Oligosaccharide as Revealed by (13)C NMR Spin Relaxation and Stochastic Modeling.Among biomolecules, carbohydrates are unique in that not only can linkages be formed through different positions, but the structures may also be branched. The trisaccharide β-d-Glcp-(1→3)[β-d-Glcp-(1→2)]-α-d-Manp-OMe represents a model of a branched vicinally disubstituted structure.

A 13C site-specific isotopologue, with labeling in each of the two terminal glucosyl residues, enabled the acquisition of high-quality 13C NMR relaxation parameters, T1 and T2, and heteronuclear NOE, with standard deviations of %. For interpretation of the experimental NMR data, a diffusive chain model was used, in which the dynamics of the glycosidic linkages is coupled to the global reorientation motion of the trisaccharide. 2'-FL relying on the potential of mean force at the glycosidic linkages were employed to evaluate spectral densities of the spin probes. Calculated NMR relaxation parameters showed a very good agreement with experimental data, deviating 3%. The resulting dynamics are described by correlation times of 196 and 174 ps for the β-(1→2)- and β-(1→3)-linked glucosyl residues, respectively, i.e., different and linkage dependent.

Notably, the devised computational protocol was performed without any Protective role of synthetic sialylated oligosaccharide in sepsis-induced acute Ridings PC(1), Holloway S, Bloomfield GL, Phillips ML, Fisher BJ, Blocher CR, Proper engagement of leukocyte and endothelial cell selectins with their counterreceptors is an initial step in neutrophil trafficking to sites of inflammation. Certain fucosylated carbohydrate determinants such as sialyl Lewis-x are proposed to act as these counterreceptors. We studied the effects of a synthetic sialyl Lewis-x analog, CY-13, on the course of hemodynamic derangements and acute lung injury during experimental gram-negative sepsis. Anesthetized ventilated swine were made septic with an infusion of live Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A treatment group received an initial bolus of CY-13 mg.kg-1.h-1).

Treatment with CY-13 did not prevent the development of pulmonary hypertension, systemic hypotension, decline in cardiac output, or severe neutropenia. However, CY-13 significantly attenuated lung injury, demonstrated by decreased bronchoalveolar lavage protein content and neutrophil influx, lowered lung myeloperoxidase activity, and improved arterial oxygenation. Neutrophils from septic and CY-13 animals showed significant activation, reflected by upregulated CD18 expression and priming for oxidant burst compared with control animals. This study suggests blockade of selectin interactions as a potential therapeutic intervention in sepsis-induced lung The structure of the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type The capsular polysaccharide elaborated by Streptococcus pneumoniae type 7B is composed of the following heptasaccharide repeating-units. [formula see text] The identities and modes of linkage of the constituents were established using sugar, methylation, and phosphorus analysis, together with 1D- and 2D-n.m.r.

spectroscopy. The sequence was established from inter-residue n.O.e. data. The structure was corroborated by n.m.

r. spectroscopy, f.a.b.-m.s., and methylation analysis of the oligosaccharides isolated after partial acid hydrolysis of the polysaccharide with aqueous 48% hydrogen fluoride.

It is suggested that the structural basis for the common antigenic formula in the group 7 serotypes of S. pneumoniae is the disaccharide element alpha-D-GlcpNAc-(1----2)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1----.A ¹H NMR study of the specificity of α-l-arabinofuranosidases on natural and Borsenberger V(1), Dornez E(2), Desrousseaux ML(1), Massou S(1), Tenkanen M(3), F-377 Toulouse, France; INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-310 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR54, F-310 Toulouse, France.Arenberg bus 2463, B-01 Leuven, Belgium.Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O.
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