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This article examines the history of the Colombo Plan fellowship program in Canada during the 1950s and 1960s. It will argue that this program had a visible impact on Canadian institutions of learning and health care for three reasons. First, it brought an unprecedented number of students and health care professionals from South and Southeast Asia to Canada; second, it fostered a sense of mission within Canadian institutions about the role education should play in contributing to health and international development overseas; and third, it revealed the challenges and tensions inherent in fulfilling this mission in the context of differences between the objectives of Canadian officials and those of the fellows themselves. With its focus on South and Southeast Asia, the Colombo Plan fellowship program anticipated broader trends regarding the international migration of health workers from that region in later years.Purpose The aim of the study was to update our information regarding the salpingopharyngeus (SP) muscle using cadaveric and in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Primary objectives were to (a) observe the presence/absence of the muscle and (b) quantify and describe its dimensions and course. Method SP specimens from 19 cadavers (10 women, nine men) were analyzed. Following head bisection, measurements of SP, including width of the cartilaginous attachment (CW) and width of the superior muscle base (SMW), were taken before and after removal of the overlying mucosa. In addition, SP was analyzed in 15 healthy subjects (eight men, seven women) using high-resolution three-dimensional MRI data. CW and SMW measures were replicated in the paraxial MRI view. Results The presence of the salpingopharyngeal fold and muscle was confirmed bilaterally in all cadaveric and living subjects. Following mucosa removal, mean cadaveric CW and SMW measurements were 5.6 and 3.8 mm, respectively. Mean in vivo CW and SMW were 6.1 and 3.7 mm, respectively. Results from the hierarchical regression analyses revealed that, in both cadaveric and living groups, SMW is dependent on the relationship between age and body weight, after controlling for sex. Conclusions The salpingopharyngeal fold and SP muscle are always present bilaterally and can be quantified at the superior origin using both cadaveric and in vivo three-dimensional MRI data. Though both the superior origin and inferior course of SP are highly variable, the size of the SP muscle is dependent on characteristics known to affect muscle fibers, such as the relationship between age and body weight. CC-90011 manufacturer Given the consistent and quantifiable presence of the SP muscle, its potential role in velopharyngeal function for speech and swallowing is reconsidered. Supplemental Material https//doi.org/10.23641/asha.14347859.Purpose Former studies suggested that music perception can help produce certain accentual features in the first and second language (L2), such as intonational contours. What was missing in many of these studies was the identification of the exact relationship between specific music perception skills and the production of different accentual features in a foreign language. Our aim was to verify whether empirically tested musical hearing skills can be related to the acquisition of English vowels by learners of English as an L2 before and after a formal accent training course. Method Fifty adult Polish speakers of L2 English were tested before and after a two-semester accent training in order to observe the effect of musical hearing on the acquisition of English vowels. Their L2 English vowel formant contours produced in consonant-vowel-consonant context were compared with the target General British vowels produced by their pronunciation teachers. We juxtaposed these results with their musical hearing test scoresuggesting that specific musical skills and music practice can be an asset in learning a foreign language accent.
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited disease characterized by ventricular arrhythmias and progressive ventricular dysfunction. Genetic testing is recommended, and a pathogenic variant in an ARVC-associated gene is a major criterion for diagnosis according to the 2010 Task Force Criteria. As incorrect attribution of a gene to ARVC can contribute to misdiagnosis, we assembled an international multidisciplinary ARVC Clinical Genome Resource Gene Curation Expert Panel to reappraise all reported ARVC genes.

Following a comprehensive literature search, six 2-member teams conducted blinded independent curation of reported ARVC genes using the semiquantitative Clinical Genome Resource framework.

Of 26 reported ARVC genes, only 6 (
,
,
,
,
, and
) had strong evidence and were classified as definitive for ARVC causation. There was moderate evidence for 2 genes,
and
. The remaining 18 genes had limited or no evidence.
was refuted as an ARVC gene since clinical dnce for ARVC, and these genes accounted for nearly all pathogenic/likely pathogenic ARVC variants in ClinVar. Therefore, only pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in these 8 genes should yield a major criterion for ARVC diagnosis. Pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants identified in other genes in a patient should prompt further phenotyping as variants in many of these genes are associated with other cardiovascular conditions.Purpose Perceptual training paradigms, which leverage the mechanism of perceptual learning, show that naïve listeners, those with no prior experience with dysarthria, benefit from explicit familiarization with a talker with dysarthria. It is theorized that familiarization affords listeners an opportunity to acquire distributional knowledge of the degraded speech signal. Here, we extend investigations to clinically experienced listeners, speech-language pathologists (SLPs), and advance models of listener recognition and adaptation to dysarthric speech. Method Forty-seven SLPs completed a standard three-phase perceptual training protocol (pretest, familiarization, and posttest) with a novel talker with dysarthria. Intelligibility scores were compared with historical data from naïve listeners. Potential relationships between intelligibility scores and characteristics of clinical experience were examined. Results Intelligibility scores of SLPs improved by an average of 19% from pretest to posttest. This intelligibility improvement was lower than naïve listeners, although the difference was small.
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