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Blended infection, threat projector, as well as misdirection: Interactions between pathoenic agents alter links between host means and disease.
We propose an angular-dependent polarization-insensitive filter in the terahertz (THz) region, based on the guided-mode resonance of one-dimensional zero-contrast grating architectural design. Particle swarm optimization combined with the rigorous coupled-wave analysis method is used to design the filter and investigate the influences of the planes of incidence on the characteristics of the proposed all-dielectric THz filter. With the planes of incidence set at 0°, 30°, 45°, and 60°, the polarization-independent resonances occur at 0.458 THz, 0.459 THz, 0.461 THz, and 0.465 THz under oblique incidences of 9.3°, 10.8°, 13.3°, and 19.2°, respectively, which means the oblique incident angle of the polarization-independent THz filter increases with the rotation of the planes of incidence from classic mounting to fully conical mounting. In addition, for the fully conical mounting case, the resonance has high angular stability and is no longer split, compared with classic incidence; meanwhile, there is only a tiny blue shift in resonance of less than 3 GHz when changing the incident angle from 0° to 10°. The physical mechanism of the spectral characteristics is also analyzed in detail. The spectral properties proposed herein enable significant potential application in the fields of spectroscopy, image sensors, communication, etc., in the THz region.The warm white homojunction light-emitting diode (LED) was fabricated by a doped ZnO nanowire array homojunction with homo-epitaxial secondary grown on a GaN substrate by the chemical vapor deposition method. Due to the high quality of the nanosized ZnO homojunction, the I-V characteristic curve of the ZnO homojunction shows good pn junction rectification characteristics, and the turn-on voltage is about 6 V. Under forward bias, bright yellow light was emitting from the homojunction LED. From the electroluminescence spectrum, the main luminescence peak is divided into a small part of blue light of about 420 nm and dominated yellow-green light of about 570 nm. The CIE color space chromaticity survey shows that the chromaticity coordinates of the homojunction LED are at (0.3358, 0.3341), which indicate that fabricated white LEDs have potential applications in efficient and healthy lighting and displaying fields.Beam-steering devices such as optical phased arrays (OPAs) are key components in the applications of solid-state Lidar and wireless communication. The traditional single-layer OPA results in a significant energy loss due to substrate leakage caused by the downward coupling from the grating coupler structure. In this work, we have investigated a structure based on a multi-layer $rm Si_3rm N_4/rm SiO_2$Si3N4/SiO2 platform that can form a 3D OPA to emit light from the edge of the device with high efficiency; a 2D converged out-coupling beam will be end-fired to the air. VX-765 High efficiency and wide horizontal beam steering are demonstrated numerically, and the influence of vertical crosstalk, delay length, and number of waveguide layers are discussed, as well as the fabrication feasibility.Complex interactions between roots and soil provide the nutrients and physical support required for robust plant growth. Yet, visualizing the root-soil interface is challenged by soil's opaque scattering characteristics. Herein, we describe methods for using optical coherence tomography (OCT) to provide non-destructive 3D and cross-sectional root imaging not available with traditional bright-field microscopy. OCT is regularly used for bioimaging, especially in ophthalmology, where it can detect retinal abnormalities. Prior use of OCT in plant biology has focused on surface defects of above-ground tissues, predominantly in food crops. Our results show OCT is also viable for detailed, in situ study of living plant roots. Using OCT for direct observations of root growth in soil can help elucidate key interactions between root morphology and various components of the soil environment including soil structure, microbial communities, and nutrient patches. Better understanding of these interactions can guide efforts to improve plant nutrient acquisition from soil to increase agricultural efficiency as well as better understand drivers of plant growth in natural systems.In this work, the effect of the polar groups modified polyimide fiber Bragg grating relative humidity sensor was studied. Polyimide films containing different polar groups were deposited on fiber Bragg gratings by an impregnating method to form different relative humidity (RH) sensors. The experimental results show that the addition of a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group in the synthesis could improve the humidity sensitivity (2.28 and 1.59 times, respectively) from 35% RH-95% RH. The sensor based on modified polyimide still has good linear response to humidity and temperature. In addition, the sensors containing a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group can shorten the response time of the humidity sensor and improve the stability of the sensor at the same time.LIDAR sensors are one of the key enabling technologies for the wide acceptance of autonomous driving implementations. Target identification is a requisite in image processing, informing decision making in complex scenarios. The polarization from the backscattered signal provides an unambiguous signature for common metallic car paints and can serve as one-point measurement for target classification. This provides additional redundant information for sensor fusion and greatly alleviates hardware requirements for intensive morphological image processing. Industry decision makers should consider polarization-coded LIDAR implementations. Governmental policy makers should consider maximizing the potential for polarization-coded material classification by enforcing appropriate regulatory legislation. Both initiatives will contribute to faster (safer, cheaper, and more widely available) advanced driver-assistance systems and autonomous functions. Polarization-coded material classification in automotive applications stems from the characteristic signature of the source of LIDAR backscattering specular components preserve the degree of polarization while diffuse contributions are predominantly depolarizing.
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