Notes

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Glucose hypometabolism and tau formation are key features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Less is known about the relationship between fasting glucose and regional tau accumulation.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose was linearly regressed on regional tau (flortaucipir) among 169 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI3) participants. Flortaucipir uptake was examined by Braak stages and regions of interest (ROIs). Interactions were explored between CSF glucose and AD risk factors including regional amyloid beta (Aβ), sex, Apolipoprotein E ε4 (
ε4) status, AD parental family history (AD FH), and cognitive impairment (CI).

Interactions found higher CSF glucose tracked less tau in ROIs or Braak stages I/II (women,
ε4+, regional Aβ), III/IV (AD FH+, regional Aβ), and V/VI (AD FH+). CI drove Braak III-VI associations.

Among women and
ε4 carriers, higher CSF glucose tracked less early-stage tau. Higher CSF glucose may reflect compensation against tau spreading in CI, Aβ+, or AD FH+.
Among women and APOE ε4 carriers, higher CSF glucose tracked less early-stage tau. Higher CSF glucose may reflect compensation against tau spreading in CI, Aβ+, or AD FH+.
Agitation, experienced by patients with dementia, is difficult to manage and stressful for caregivers. Currently, agitation is primarily assessed by caregivers or clinicians based on self-report or very brief periods of observation. This limits availability of comprehensive or sensitive enough reporting to detect early signs of agitation or identify its precipitants. The purpose of this article is to provide proof of concept for characterizing and predicting agitation using a system that continuously monitors patients' activities and living environment within memory care facilities.

Continuous and unobtrusive monitoring of a participant is achieved using behavioral sensors, which include passive infrared motion sensors, door contact sensors, a wearable actigraphy device, and a bed pressure mat sensor installed in the living quarters of the participant. Environmental sensors are also used to continuously assess temperature, light, sound, and humidity. Episodes of agitation are reported by nursing staff. Da for unobtrusive and continuous monitoring of participants with dementia and their living space seems feasible and shows promise for characterization of episodes of agitation and identification of behavioral and environmental precipitants of agitation.
Stroke/thromboembolic events, infections, and death are all significantly increased by antipsychotics in dementia but little is known about why they can be harmful. selleck Using a novel application of a drug repurposing paradigm, we aimed to identify potential mechanisms underlying adverse events.

Whole transcriptome signatures were generated for SH-SY5Y cells treated with amisulpride, risperidone, and volinanserin using RNA sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis was performed that scored the association between antipsychotic signatures and expression data from 415,252 samples in the National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus (NCBI GEO) repository.

Atherosclerosis, venous thromboembolism, and influenza NCBI GEO-derived samples scored positively against antipsychotic signatures. Pathways enriched in antipsychotic signatures were linked to the cardiovascular and immune systems (eg, brain derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], platelet derived growth factor receptor [PDGFR]-beta, tumor necrosis factor [TNF], transforming growth factor [TGF]-beta, selenoamino acid metabolism, and influenza infection).

These findings for the first time mechanistically link antipsychotics to specific cardiovascular and infectious diseases which are known side effects of their use in dementia, providing new information to explain related adverse events.
These findings for the first time mechanistically link antipsychotics to specific cardiovascular and infectious diseases which are known side effects of their use in dementia, providing new information to explain related adverse events.
Liver fibrosis increases progressively with aging and has been associated with poorer cognitive performance in middle-aged and older adults. We investigated the relationships between a non-invasive score for advanced liver fibrosis (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD] fibrosis score [NFS]) and dementia risk. We also assessed physical frailty, a common geriatric condition which is associated to dementia. We tested the joint effects of physical frailty and fibrosis on dementia incidence.

A total of 1061 older adults (65 to 84 years), from the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging, were prospectively evaluated for the risk of dementia in a period between 1992 and 2001. Liver fibrosis was defined according to the NFS. Physical frailty was assessed according to the Fried's criteria. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the short- and long-term risk of overall dementia, associated to the NFS, testing the effect modifier of physical frailty status.

Older adults with only high NFS (F3-F4) d These findings should encourage a typical geriatric, multidisciplinary assessment which accounts also for the possible co-presence of frail condition in older adults with chronic liver disease and liver fibrosis.
Aboriginal Australians have among the highest rates of dementia worldwide, yet no study has investigated the subtypes, risk factors, or longer term outcomes of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in this population.

A total of 336 community-dwelling Aboriginal Australians aged ≥60 years participated in a longitudinal study, completing a structured interview at baseline. MCI (amnestic subtype, aMCI; non-amnestic subtype, naMCI) and dementia were diagnosed via cognitive screening, medical assessment, and clinical consensus. Associations between life-course factors and baseline MCI subtypes were examined using logistic regression. Conversion to dementia was assessed at 6-year follow-up.

Prevalent aMCI (
=24) was associated with older age (odds ratio [OR]=1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12 to 2.53), head injury (OR=3.19, 95% CI 1.35 to 7.56), symptoms of depression (OR=1.52, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.24), and lower blood pressure (OR=0.53, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.86). Prevalent naMCI (
=29) was associated with low education (OR=4.
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