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Ch 2: Before Islam
- 6 main developments (0 AD - 600 AD)
1. Rise of Christianity
* Until early 4th century, Christianity was a protest against Roman Order
* Developed own institution, the Church
* Conversion of emperor Constantine (311-337)
* Followed by gradual stages of Christinazation of Roman State
* Justinian (527-569) went OD with it
2. Shift from Rome to Constantinople
* After death of emperor Theodosius (395); Roman empire split into West & East
* Byzantines saw themselves as Romans, spoke Greek
3. Hellenization of Middle East
* Empires of Alexander the Great and successors in Syria & Egypt
* Command Economy
4. Fates
* Byzantium
* Lost provinces to Arabs, but still had Asia Minor
* When finally fell in 1453, there was a Christian world they could dip to
* Persia
* Lost everything
* Zoroastrians of Persia either stayed or dipped to India
5. Iranian Empire
* Parthians
* Sasanids
* Perso-Roman/Byzantine rivalry dominating political fact in area
* Ardashir (226-240) launched new series of wars against Rome
* Shapur I (240-271) captured Roman emperor Valerian in battle, it was lit
* Long Peace
* Shapur III (383-388), made peace with Rome 384; began again until 628
* Territorial, control for trade routes (silk from China, spices from India)
6. Turks and Arabs
* Savage and warlike
* Persians and Byzantines wooing tribal peoples in various ways, retain good will (classic imperial policy)
* Phylarchs (Tribal Chiefs) exploited this
     
 
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