Notes

Verifying the actual NIH LDL-C formula in the specific lipid cohort: Can it add together?
013). Compared with children without sensitization to
, those with sensitization to
showed higher sensitization rates to other aeroallergens (
for interaction <0.001).

Children's sensitization rate to cat and dog dander and weed and tree pollen mixtures significantly increased during the 10-year period in Korea. Children with sensitization to
are likely to be sensitized to other aeroallergens as well.
Children's sensitization rate to cat and dog dander and weed and tree pollen mixtures significantly increased during the 10-year period in Korea. Children with sensitization to D. farinae are likely to be sensitized to other aeroallergens as well.
The prevalence of
(
) and the status of
BCG vaccination may affect host immune responses to
antigens. Understanding of the predominant local
strain and immune signatures induced by its strain-specific antigens may contribute to an improved diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). The aim of this study was to determine immune responses to
antigen which was identified from the hyper-virulent Beijing/K strain in South Korea.

Pulmonary TB patients (n=52) and healthy subjects (n=92) including individuals with latent TB infection (n=31) were recruited, and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube tests were performed. The Beijing/K-antigen specific immune signatures were examined by diluted whole blood assays and multiplex bead arrays in a setting where nationwide BCG vaccination is employed.

Statistical analyses demonstrated that three [C-X-C motif chemokine (CXCL10), interleukin (IL)-6, interferon (IFN)-α] of 17 cytokines/chemokines distinguished active cases from healthy controls following stimulation with the Beijing/K-specific antigen. WP1066 solubility dmso IFN-α also differentiated between active diseases and latent TB infection (
<0.01), and the detection rate of TB was dramatically increased in combination with IL-6 and CXCL10 at the highest levels of specificity (95-100%).

Our data indicate that immune signatures to the
Beijing/K-specific antigen can provide useful information for improved TB diagnostics. The antigen may be developed as a diagnostic marker or a vaccine candidate, particularly in regions where the
Beijing/K strain is endemic.
Our data indicate that immune signatures to the M. tb Beijing/K-specific antigen can provide useful information for improved TB diagnostics. The antigen may be developed as a diagnostic marker or a vaccine candidate, particularly in regions where the M. tb Beijing/K strain is endemic.
This research was designed to investigate how miR-542-5p regulates the progression of hyperglycemia and hyperlipoidemia.

An in vivo model with diabetic db/db mice and an in vitro model with forskolin/dexamethasone (FSK/DEX)-induced primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells were employed in the study. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify the expression of candidate miRNAs in the liver tissues of diabetic and control mice. H&E staining revealed liver morphology in diabetic and control mice. Pyruvate tolerance tests, insulin tolerance tests, and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test were utilized to assess insulin resistance. ELISA was conducted to evaluate blood glucose and insulin levels. Red oil O staining showed lipid deposition in liver tissues. Luciferase reporter assay was used to depict binding between miR-542-5p and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1).

MiR-542-5p expression was under-expressed in the livers of db/db mice. Further in vitro experiments revealed that FSK/DEX, which mimics the effects of glucagon and glucocorticoids, induced cellular glucose production in HepG2 cells and in primary hepatocytes cells. Notably, these changes were reversed by miR-542-5p. We found that transcription factor FOXO1 is a target of miR-542-5p. Further in vivo study indicated that miR-542-5p overexpression decreases FOXO1 expression, thereby reversing increases in blood glucose, blood lipids, and glucose-related enzymes in diabetic db/db mice. In contrast, anti-miR-542-5p exerted an adverse influence on blood glucose and blood lipid metabolism, and its stimulatory effects were significantly inhibited by sh-FOXO1 in normal control mice.

Collectively, our results indicated that miR-542-5p inhibits hyperglycemia and hyperlipoidemia by targeting FOXO1.
Collectively, our results indicated that miR-542-5p inhibits hyperglycemia and hyperlipoidemia by targeting FOXO1.
Histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms are rare hematologic tumors. This study aimed to describe the epidemiologic features of the entire spectrum of histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms, including clinicopathological variables and patient outcomes.

We comprehensively reviewed 274 patients who were diagnosed with histiocytic and dendritic neoplasms at Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea between 1995 and 2018.

The most common neoplasm was Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), followed by dermal xanthogranuloma. Among non-LCH sarcomas, histiocytic sarcoma (HS) showed a relatively high prevalence, followed by follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS). Disseminated juvenile xanthogranuloma (DJG), Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD), indeterminate dendritic cell tumor (IDCT), and interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma (IDCS) rarely occurred. Generally, these tumors presented in childhood, although the non-LCH sarcoma (HS/FDCS/IDCS/IDCT) group of tumors and ECD occurred in late adulthood. Multiorgan involvement and advanced Ann-Arbor stage, as well as recurrence and death of disease, were not uncommon. The non-LCH sarcoma group had the worst overall survival, compared to the DJG, ECD, and LCH groups.

Our findings indicate that histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms exhibit heterogeneous epidemiologic characteristics and that some patients may have unfavorable outcomes, especially those with non-LCH sarcoma.
Our findings indicate that histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms exhibit heterogeneous epidemiologic characteristics and that some patients may have unfavorable outcomes, especially those with non-LCH sarcoma.
Pharmacological inhibition of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) reduces R-2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) levels and restores cellular differentiation in vivo and in vitro. The IDH2 inhibitor enasidenib (AG-221) has been approved by the FDA as a first-in-class inhibitor for the treatment of relapsed or refractory (R/R) IDH2-mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, the effects of a combination of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and AG-221 on AML cell differentiation was explored, along with the mechanisms employed by IDH2-mutant cells in AML.

We treated the human AML cell line, IDH2-mutant-TF-1, and primary human AML cells carrying IDH2 mutation with 30 μM AG-221 and 100 nM ATRA, alone or in combination.

Combined treatment with AG-221 and ATRA inhibited 2-HG production and resulted in synergistic effects on differentiation among IDH2-mutant AML cells and primary AML cells expressing IDH2 mutation. Combined treatment with AG-221 and ATRA altered autophagic activity. AG-221 and ATRA treatment-induced differentiation of IDH2-mutant AML cells was associated with autophagy induction, without suppressing autophagy flux at maturation and degradation stages.
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