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The Ξ_b^-π^+π^- invariant mass spectrum is investigated with an event sample of proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV, collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016-2018 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140  fb^-1. The ground state Ξ_b^- is reconstructed via its decays to J/ψΞ^- and J/ψΛK^-. A narrow resonance, labeled Ξ_b(6100)^-, is observed at a Ξ_b^-π^+π^- invariant mass of 6100.3±0.2(stat)±0.1(syst)±0.6(Ξ_b^-)  MeV, where the last uncertainty reflects the precision of the Ξ_b^- baryon mass. The upper limit on the Ξ_b(6100)^- natural width is determined to be 1.9  MeV at 95% confidence level. The low Ξ_b(6100)^- signal yield observed in data does not allow a measurement of the quantum numbers of the new state. However, following analogies with the established excited Ξ_c baryon states, the new Ξ_b(6100)^- resonance and its decay sequence are consistent with the orbitally excited Ξ_b^- baryon, with spin and parity quantum numbers J^P=3/2^-.Entanglement underpins a variety of quantum-enhanced communication, sensing, and computing capabilities. Entanglement-assisted communication (EACOMM) leverages entanglement preshared by communicating parties to boost the rate of classical information transmission. SBI-115 purchase Pioneering theory works showed that EACOMM can enable a communication rate well beyond the ultimate classical capacity of optical communications, but an experimental demonstration of any EACOMM advantage remains elusive. In this Letter we report the implementation of EACOMM surpassing the classical capacity over lossy and noisy bosonic channels. We construct a high-efficiency entanglement source and a phase-conjugate quantum receiver to reap the benefit of preshared entanglement, despite entanglement being broken by channel loss and noise. We show that EACOMM beats the Holevo-Schumacher-Westmoreland capacity of classical communication by up to 16.3%, when both protocols are subject to the same power constraint at the transmitter. As a practical performance benchmark, we implement a classical communication protocol with the identical characteristics for the encoded signal, showing that EACOMM can reduce the bit-error rate by up to 69% over the same bosonic channel. Our work opens a route to provable quantum advantages in a wide range of quantum information processing tasks.Biomolecular condensates self-assemble when proteins and nucleic acids spontaneously demix to form droplets within the crowded intracellular milieu. This simple mechanism underlies the formation of a wide variety of membraneless compartments in living cells. To understand how multiple condensates with distinct compositions can self-assemble in such a heterogeneous system, which may not be at thermodynamic equilibrium, we study a minimal model in which we can "program" the pairwise interactions among hundreds of species. We show that the number of distinct condensates that can be reliably assembled grows superlinearly with the number of species in the mixture when the condensates share components. Furthermore, we show that we can predict the maximum number of distinct condensates in a mixture without knowing the details of the pairwise interactions. Simulations of condensate growth confirm these predictions and suggest that the physical rules governing the achievable complexity of condensate-mediated spatial organization are broadly applicable to biomolecular mixtures.Chiral optical effects are generally quantified along some specific incident directions of exciting waves (especially for extrinsic chiralities of achiral structures) or defined as direction-independent properties by averaging the responses among all structure orientations. Though of great significance for various applications, chirality extremization (maximized or minimized) with respect to incident directions or structure orientations has not been explored, especially in a systematic manner. In this study we examine the chiral responses of open photonic structures from perspectives of quasinormal modes and polarization singularities of their far-field radiations. The nontrivial topology of the momentum sphere secures the existence of generic singularity directions along which mode radiations are either circularly or linearly polarized. When plane waves are incident along those directions, the reciprocity ensures ideal maximization and minimization of optical chiralities, for corresponding mode radiations of circular and linear polarizations, respectively. For directions of general elliptical polarizations, we have unveiled the subtle equality of a Stokes parameter and the circular dichroism, showing that an intrinsically (geometrically) chiral structure can unexpectedly exhibit no optical chirality at all or even optical chiralities of opposite handedness for different incident directions. The framework we establish can be applied to not only finite scattering bodies but also infinite structures, encompassing both intrinsic and extrinsic optical chiralities. We have effectively merged two vibrant disciplines of chiral and singular optics, which can potentially trigger more optical chirality-singularity related interdisciplinary studies.We report the observation of discrete bound states with the energy levels deviating from the widely believed ratio of 1∶3∶5 in the vortices of an iron-based superconductor KCa_2Fe_4As_4F_2 through scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Meanwhile Friedel oscillations of vortex bound states are also observed for the first time in related vortices. By doing self-consistent calculations of Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations, we find that at extreme quantum limit, the superconducting order parameter exhibits a Friedel-like oscillation, which modifies the energy levels of the vortex bound states and explains why it deviates from the ratio of 1∶3∶5. The observed Friedel oscillations of the bound states can also be roughly interpreted by the theoretical calculations, however some features at high energies could not be explained. We attribute this discrepancy to the high energy bound states with the influence of nearby impurities. Our combined STM measurement and the self-consistent calculations illustrate a generalized feature of vortex bound states in type-II superconductors.
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