Notes

Drug-induced scleroderma-like sore.
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study to evaluate histopathological improvement and virological, serological and biochemical response rates in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who were treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). MATERIAL AND METHOD A total of 91 nucleosid(t)e-naive CHB patients who received TDF were evaluated. Virological, serological and biochemical test results were assessed at baseline and every 12 weeks. Liver biopsy specimens were assessed according to the modified Ishak scoring. RESULTS The study was conducted on 52 patients. The mean age was 40±10 years and 40.4% were female. The mean follow-up period was 33±11 months. HBsAg seroclearance occurred in none of the patients. The serum level of HBV-DNA became undetectable in 94.2% of the patients. Mean histological activity index at baseline and on-treatment were 8.2±2.3 and 6.2±2.0 and the mean fibrosis scores were 2.65±1.3 and 2.33±1.1, respectively. CONCLUSION We determined that TDF therapy provided remarkably good HBV DNA suppression and biochemical response rates, but low seroconversion. Improvement of liver necroinflammation was detected, but no significant change observed in fibrosis.Small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) / malignant rhabdoid tumor of the ovary (MRTO) is a rare tumor affecting young women. It is frequently misdiagnosed due to overlapping morphological and immunohistochemical features with many other ovarian tumors. The prognosis of the tumors is very poor; hence an accurate diagnosis is of utmost importance. Recently, the loss of BRG1 protein by immunohistochemistry has been shown to be a useful diagnostic marker. We present here two cases of SSCOHT/MRTO, in young women 22 and 32 years of age, where several differential diagnoses were considered on morphology and immunohistochemistry but were confirmed as SCCOHT/MRTO by the demonstration of loss of BRG1. As the prognosis of SCCOHT is very dismal, and accurate diagnosis is of necessity, we recommend the inclusion of BRG1 immunohistochemistry in the diagnostic armamentarium of poorly differentiated ovarian tumors, particularly in young adults.Bacterioplankton play a pivotal role in marine ecosystems. However, their temporal dynamics and underlying control mechanisms are poorly understood in tropical regions such as the Red Sea. Here, we assessed the impact of bottom-up (resource availability) and top-down (viruses and heterotrophic nanoflagellates) controls on bacterioplankton abundances by weekly sampling a coastal central Red Sea site in 2017. We monitored microbial abundances by flow cytometry together with a set of environmental variables including temperature, salinity, dissolved organic and inorganic nutrients and chlorophyll a. We distinguished five groups of heterotrophic bacteria depending on their physiological properties relative nucleic acid content, membrane integrity and cell-specific respiratory activity, two groups of Synechococcus cyanobacteria and three groups of viruses. Viruses controlled heterotrophic bacteria for most of the year, as supported by a negative correlation between their respective abundances and a positive one between bacterial mortality rates and mean viral abundances. On the contrary, heterotrophic nanoflagellates abundance covaried with that of heterotrophic bacteria. Heterotrophic nanoflagellates showed preference for larger bacteria from both the high and low nucleic acid content groups. Our results demonstrate that top-down control is fundamental in keeping heterotrophic bacterioplankton abundances low ( less then 5 × 10 5 cells mL-1) in Red Sea coastal waters. © FEMS 2020.The deoxy sugar L-fucose is frequently found as a glycan constituent on and outside living cells, and in mammals it is involved in a wide range of biological processes including leukocyte trafficking, histo-blood group antigenicity, and antibody effector functions. The manipulation of fucose levels in those biomedically important systems may provide novel insights and therapeutic leads. However, despite the large established sequence diversity of natural fucosidases, so far very few enzymes have been characterized. We explored the diversity of the α-L-fucosidase-containing CAZY family GH29 by bio-informatic analysis, and by the recombinant production and exploration for fucosidase activity of a subset of 82 protein sequences that represent the family's large sequence diversity. After establishing that most of the corresponding proteins can be readily expressed in E. coli, more than half of the obtained recombinant proteins (57% of the entire subset) showed activity towards the simple chromogenic fucosylated substrate 4-nitrophenyl α-L-fucopyranoside. Thirty-seven of these active GH29 enzymes (and the GH29 subtaxa that they represent) had not been characterized before. With such a sequence diversity-based collection available, it can easily be used to screen for fucosidase activity towards biomedically relevant fucosylated glycoproteins. As an example, the subset was used to screen GH29 members for activity towards the naturally occurring sialyl-Lewis x-type epitope on glycoproteins, and several such enzymes were identified. Together, the results provide a significant increase in the diversity of characterized GH29 enzymes, and the recombinant enzymes constitute a resource for the further functional exploration of this enzyme family. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] pancreatic beta cells the entry of glucose and downstream signaling for insulin release is regulated by the glucose transporter 2 (Glut2) in rodents. Dysfunction of the insulin-signaling cascade may lead to diabetes mellitus. Gangliosides, sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids (GSLs), have been reported to modulate the function of several membrane proteins. Murine islets express predominantly sialylated GSLs, particularly the simple gangliosides GM3 and GD3 having a potential modulatory role in Glut2 activity. Conditional, tamoxifen-inducible gene targeting in pancreatic islets has now shown that mice lacking the glucosylceramide synthase (Ugcg), which represents the rate-limiting enzyme in GSL-biosynthesis, displayed impaired glucose uptake and showed reduced insulin secretion. Savolitinib cell line Consequently, mice with pancreatic GSL deficiency had higher blood glucose levels than respective controls after intraperitoneal glucose application. High fat diet feeding enhanced this effect. GSL-deficient islets did not show apoptosis or ER-stress and displayed a normal ultra-structure.
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