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ety, staff anxiety, and improved patient care. Patient self-history recording could be carried out at home or in the waiting room via a check-in kiosk or a portable tablet computer. This formative simulation study has potential to impact service provision and approaches to digitalization at scale.Reform of the abortion laws in favour of the well-being of pregnant women is one aspect of the removal of gender discrimination. The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act (MTP Act) 1971, was a breakthrough legislation in this regard, as it reduced the number of unsafe illegal abortions. With advancements in ultrasonography and genetic technologies, many foetal malformations and genetic disorders were being diagnosed after 20 weeks of gestation. The fact that termination of pregnancy was not legally permitted beyond 20 weeks of gestation caused great distress to such women, and highlighted the need to increase the upper limit of termination of pregnancy. Concurrently, there has been greater awareness around the world on the rights of women to take decisions regarding their own bodies. The MTP Bill, 2020, has come as a breath of fresh air extending the term limit for legal abortions to 24 weeks for certain categories of women, and removing the limit for abortion in the presence of a significant foetal abnormality. The amendments were recently approved by Parliament and the President of India, and have become law as of March 25, 2021. This paper presents the amendments made and their implications for obstetric, ultrasonographic and foetal medical practice. It also presents a critique of the various Acts and suggests further amendments that would enhance the value of the Act.Diabetes Mellitus (DM) could have easily been labelled as the "black swan" of the 21st century, had Covid-19 not emerged as a pandemic. Modern diabetes care in India grapples with multiple challenges. The twin enemies of uncontrolled hyperglycaemia and unwanted hypoglycaemia pose an ethical dilemma during the decision-making process of DM management. With an unfavourable support system against this rapidly emerging public health threat, we look to the Indian Constitution for guidance. Apart from just euglycaemia (a state of normal blood glucose levels), every Indian living with DM has some requirements and rights, that can be summarised with the help of three basic principles of the Constitution, ie, justice, equality and liberty. Together, these words remind us to practise accurate and appropriate diabetes care, delivered in a patient-centred manner. Justice, equality and liberty should be incorporated into diabetes-care systems, and fraternity encouraged. This will ensure that we achieve the dreams of our founding fathers through evolution of a comprehensive disease management model.Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is moving the goalposts for the detection of genetic disorders such as Down Syndrome (DS). NIPT not only misses fewer cases than first trimester combined screening, but also has fewer false positive results. Unlike with neural tube defect (NTD) where screening to detect affected pregnancies was welcomed, NIPT for trisomy has met with surprising resistance. This paper argues that special interest groups have been allowed to usurp influence beyond what is balanced in the discussions, at the expense of the fight against sex selection. The fear of parents of children with DS, that their children's rights might be devalued, must not trump the autonomy of pregnant women to decide what is best for their own family and what they can cope with emotionally and financially. Society, however, must ensure that resources for caring for those with DS and other disabilities remain adequate. Here, recent articles are also reviewed.Burnout is a major occupational problem among healthcare providers, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. The frontline health workforce is experiencing a high workload and multiple psychosocial stressors which may affect their mental and emotional health, leading to burnout symptoms. Moreover, sleep deprivation and a critical lack of psychosocial support may aggravate such symptoms amidst Covid-19. From an ethical viewpoint, healthcare providers may experience moral distress while safeguarding patient welfare and autonomy. Moreover, social injustice and structural inequities may affect their emotional health while tackling a high volume of new cases and mortality. Global evidence indicates the need for adopting multipronged evidence-based approaches to address burnout during this pandemic, which may include increasing the awareness of work-related stress and burnout, promoting mindfulness and self-care practices for promoting mental wellbeing, ensuring optimal mental health services, using digital technologies to address workplace stress and deliver mental health interventions, and improving organisational policies and practices focusing on burnout among healthcare providers.Health policy and systems research refers to the research conducted on the formulation, impact, organisation and functioning of health policies, and how to optimise the functioning of health systems and policies towards achieving health for all. There is emerging scholarship on the ethics of conducting such health policy and systems research. Ethics of health policy and systems research, though similar to the ethics of traditional clinical research in many ways, has several important distinctions. In traditional clinical research on human participants, where two treatments or interventions are compared, clinical equipoise is an important ethical consideration. This refers to the genuine uncertainty among professional peers on whether one of the interventions is better than the other. This uncertainty is in the biomedical efficacy of the intervention. Unless such equipoise exists, clinical research is said to be unethical from the benefit-risk balance and justice perspectives. In health policy and systems research, the question of clinical equipoise is often not relevant. Deutivacaftor in vivo This article will describe the condition of clinical equipoise in health policy and systems research, its applications and challenges.
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