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68-6.96 μg/ml), where the LC50 values for all extracts be located within the range of 4.68-6.96 μg/ml. Finally, the plant itself and its derived extracts have been used as a folk medicine to treat serious infectious diseases.Renoduodenal fistula is a rare condition where a pathological tract is formed between the kidney and duodenum. This condition is caused by various etiologies, such as tuberculosis, malignancy, percutaneous nephrostomy procedure, cryoablation procedure in malignancy, and chronic infection. In this case, we report a case renoduodenal fistula caused by large staghorn calculus, precipitated by a previous history of trauma. Renoduodenal fistula is a rare condition that often presents without symptoms. This condition can be caused by chronic infection of the kidney, and one of the etiology is an infected large staghorn calculus.Spontaneous passage of large ureteric calculi over 10mm is uncommon. We present a case of a 69-year-old male with a significant prostatic enlargement (150 cc) and a 13mm ureteric calculus which had not passed for 3 months following a failed attempt at ureteroscopy. His stone passed spontaneously following prostatic artery embolisation (PAE), performed for symptomatic benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). We consider the mechanisms by which PAE may impact on the distal ureter which allowed stone passage.Bladder cancer is relatively common in the general population but is considered a rare entity in children. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most frequently encountered bladder tumor in children. Inverted papilloma of the urinary bladder is a rare presentation in adults and is considered extremely rare in the pediatric age group. We report a case of inverted urothelial papilloma (IUP) in the bladder in an 8-year-old girl who presented with painless gross hematuria. Radiological investigations, cystoscopy, and histological examination revealed the rare pathology of IUP of the bladder and a resection was performed. No recurrence was encountered after 3 years of follow-up.Primary malignant melanoma of the urethra in women is a rare tumor with a poor prognosis. We report the case of a 48-year-old patient who consulted for a mass in the urethral meatus associated with symptoms of the lower urinary tract. The result of the biopsy of the mass revealed a malignant melanoma confirmed by immunohistochemistry. BTK inhibitor nmr The extension workup was negative. She had a total cystectomy with lymph node dissection done. The one-year follow-up was without particularity.We here present a case of a 4-year-old girl who exhibited an asymptomatic bilateral de novo hydroureteronephrosis seven months after undergoing endoscopic treatment for bilateral vesicoureteral reflux. The child underwent an open bilateral reimplantation. Intraoperatively, a 14 mm nodule on the right and a 16 mm on the left located periureteral orifice were observed. When a small incision was made on nodules, a yellowish-white mucinous fluid flowed out.We present a case on adrenal schwannomas. The CT shows enhancement of distal adrenal gland lesion. We named it rabbit tail sign. Adrenal schwannomas are rare and presents a very small proportion of retroperitoneal schwannomas. It tends to be misdiagnosed because of lacking characteristics clinical presentations and CT features. And there is debate about its origination. The rabbit tail sign of distal adrenal gland is one typical radiographic feature of adrenal schwannomas. It also suggests the tumor may originate from dominate nerve of adrenal medulla.Post-traumatic adrenal hematoma, which has rare but severe complications, is a difficult to diagnose condition. Only computed tomography, which is often performed systematically during lesional assessments of violent thoraco-abdominal trauma, can confirm the diagnosis. Symptoms are often masked by associated visceral or parietal lesions. Standard biological examinations are generally not very helpful. We will describe the case of a 47-year-old man who presented with a right adrenal hemorrhage following a road accident, for only associated lesion, a fracture of the middle arch of the first and 8th ribs, and the transverse process L1.Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is benign pathology but an alarming symptom to the patients and his/her relatives because of purple discoloration of urine in collecting bag and tubing. Colour of the urine is purple because of tryptophan metabolite named Indigo and Indirubin. In urinary tract infection, sulphatase and phosphatase producing bacteria involved in pathogenesis of PUBS. Here, we discuss a case of 60 year male patient with spinal cord injury with neurogenic bladder presented in surgical emergency with purple colour urine in urobag.Rapidly growing mycobacterium (RGM) bloodstream infections (BSI) have been described in the literature mostly in immunocompromised patients such as those with malignancies. Here, we describe a case of a RGM, Mycobacterium mucogenicum, bloodstream infection in an immunocompetent host who was receiving antibiotics via a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC).Clostridium paraputrificum is an extremely rare species and constitutes only 1% of all clostridium infections in literature. Septic arthritis from Clostridium paraputrificum is even less documented, and currently there is only one known case report. Specifically, patients with sickle cell disease have a well-documented and increased susceptibility to infections with Salmonella, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilius influenzae, and Enterobacter-klebsiella. Clostridium infection in sickle cell patients has been less studied and described. Here we present a case of septic arthritis from Clostridium paraputrificum in a sickle cell disease patient likely provoked by underlying avascular necrosis of the right shoulder.A 68-year-old woman with a medical history significant for psoriatic arthritis was found to have an enlarged, painful lump on her left hip 15 months after intramedullary rod placement for a left subtrochanteric femur fracture sustained in a fall. Histopathological findings showed rice body formation (RBF) with concurrent H. parainfluenza. RBF is a relatively rare arthropathy of a subset of chronic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis or tuberculous arthropathy. RBF associated with psoriatic arthritis or orthopedic hardware placement has been reported in a handful of cases in the literature but there has not been any definitive evidence for RBF as a result of Haemophilus parainfluenza infections and is a rather unusual characteristic of this case.
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