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Advancement involving nucleic acid biosensors recognition restriction 3.
Information was probed for growth rate, yield, and final cell density endpoints focusing primarily on studies of 72 and 96 h duration. Comparisons of acute and chronic data based on either single (e.g., growth rate) and multiple (e.g., growth rate, final cell density) endpoints were used to assess acute and chronic relationships. Linear regressions of various model permutations were used to compute ACRs for multiple combinations of taxa, chemicals, and endpoints, and showed that ACRs for algae were consistently around 4 (ranging from 2.43 to 5.62). An ACR of 4 for algal toxicity is proposed as an alternative to a default value of 10, and recommendations for consideration and additional research and development are provided.Effective removal of cadmium (Cd) from Chlamys farreri by introducing ZnSO4, EDTA-Na2, and sodium citrate into seawater has previously been reported. However, some mechanisms underlying this removal are not clear. To address this lack of clarity, the present study aimed to investigate the changes of Cd forms in Chlamys farreri from treatment of these additives and analyze the physiological and biochemical responses by comparing the changes over treatment time in Catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Glutathione s-transferase (GST) activity, as well as Malonaldehyde (MDA) concentration and glycogen level. Three forms of Cd, including protein -Cd, liberated Cd, and amino acid/peptide -Cd, were found, and they were sorted according to their Cd content into the following groups protein -Cd > liberated Cd > amino acid/peptide-Cd. The removal rates of the three forms of Cd were 43.2%, 59.5%, and 59.0%, respectively, using ZnSO4 and EDTA-Na2. Additionally, a significant increase in Zn content was observed, which may suggest that reduction of bound Cd was partly due to the displacement of Cd by Zn. Moreover, Cd depuration using the additives can mitigate oxidative stress only in the first 12 h. Glycogen content continued to reduce over time, inferring that the healthy status of Chlamys farreri under treatment of the additives containing Zn can only be maintained within 12 h for excreting Cd when linking these physiological responses with the ability of the additives to remove Cd only in a short time, i.e. 12 h. The results indicated that Cd should be removed from Chlamys farreri for practical reasons.Providing clean and safe drinking water by point of use (POU) disinfection methods has become a critical issue, especially in crises and epidemics. In this study, antimony-and nickel-doped tin oxide electrode (Ni-Sb-SnO2) was employed as an electrode for electro-catalytic disinfection of surface water. read more The synthetized electrodes were characterized using scanning electron microscope, linear sweep voltammetry and X-Ray diffraction techniques. The results revealed that the highest electrochemical disinfection efficiency was achieved by the Ni-Sb-SnO2 electrode under weak acidic conditions and its performance decreased with increasing pH towards alkaline environment. Based on the results, total coliform (TC) and fecal coliform (FC) were completely removed at current density of 0.67 mA cm-2. Moreover, the electrochemical disinfection of microorganisms showed that the process efficiency was directly proportional to increasing time and at 0.6 C cm-2 of charge passed, 3-log removal of the both indicators occurred after 15 min. The highest removal efficiency of TC and FC was also achieved at 8 mmol of NaCl concentration at less then 10 min of detention time. The results of this study depicted that the Ti/Ni-Sb-SnO2 electrode provides higher disinfection efficiency for the removal of TC and FC compared with Ti and SS/PbO2 electrodes. Moreover, the proposed system was able to completely eliminate heterotrophic, Streptococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aerogenes indicators under optimal conditions. Therefore, it can be concluded that the proposed electrochemical system can be efficiency applied as a POU disinfection system for disinfection of water contaminated with microbial indicators, especially for crises and epidemics.In water treatment process, Microcystis colonies can be effectively removed by coagulants. However, the use of popular coagulants could cause adverse health effects in humans or increase the amount of sludge. Meanwhile, Microcystis unicells are much more difficult to remove than colonies, due to their small size and dispersed distribution. This study proposed and analyzed the flocculation of Microcystis unicells induced by pH regulation. The particle size, zeta potential, cell viability and integrity, cytochemical changes, and cell-to-cell connections were recorded during pH regulation. Results showed that when pH was adjusted in the range of 2.5 to 2 by HCl (1.2 M), Microcystis unicells aggregated to form flocs as large as 28 μm, which are easy to remove by filtration or sedimentation. The overwhelming majority of cells were intact and inactivated in the optimal pH range (2.5-2). Thus, pH regulation is an environment-friendly and cost-effective method to remove Microcystis unicells, which can be potentially applied to water treatment.Recent studies from India reported polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) associated with incomplete combustion processes. In this study we have monitored atmospheric PCBs in Agra, a non-metropolitan city of northern India. During first month of summer and winter of 2017, polyurethane foam based passive air sampler (PUF-PAS) was deployed at each of 14 locations across urban, suburban and rural transects and one background site. Range of Σ25PCBs varied between 25 and 1433 pg/m3 (Avg ± Stdev 460 ± 461) in summer and 26-205 pg/m3 (Avg ± Stdev 106 ± 59) in winter. Mean Σ25PCBs concentration, showed an urban > suburban > rural trend in summer while, in winter a rural > urban > suburban trend was observed. PCB-52 was the dominant congener and after excluding this congener no significant difference was observed between summer and winter PCB concentrations. Using a combination of K-means cluster and principal component analysis (PCA) four major source types were identified. Open burning source accorded 80% of atmospheric PCBs, majorly indicator PCBs while the remaining 20% was contributed by atmospheric transport, petrogenic combustion and biomass burning.
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