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The untranslated regions (UTRs) of viral genomes contain a variety of conserved yet dynamic structures crucial for viral replication, providing drug targets for the development of broad spectrum anti-virals. We combine in vitro RNA analysis with molecular dynamics simulations to build the first 3D models of the structure and dynamics of key regions of the 5' UTR of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Furthermore, we determine the binding of metallo-supramolecular helicates (cylinders) to this RNA structure. These nano-size agents are uniquely able to thread through RNA junctions and we identify their binding to a 3-base bulge and the central cross 4-way junction located in stem loop 5. Finally, we show these RNA-binding cylinders suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication, highlighting their potential as novel anti-viral agents.
Identification of the risks of postoperative complications may be challenging in older patients with heterogeneous physical and cognitive status. The aim of this multicentre, observational study was to identify variables that affect the outcomes of colon cancer surgery and, especially, to find tools to quantify the risks related to surgery.
Patients aged ≥80years with electively operated Stage I-III colon cancer were recruited. The prospectively collected data included comorbidities, results of the onco-geriatric screening tool (G8), Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), and operative and postoperative outcomes.
A total of 161 patients (mean 84.5years, range 80-97, 60% female) were included. History of cerebral stroke (64% vs. 37%, p=0.02), albumin level 31-34g/l compared with ≥35g/l (57% vs. 32%, p=0.007), CFS 3-4 and 5-9 compared with CFS 1-2 (49% and 47% vs. 16%, respectively) and American Society of Anesthesiologists score >3 (77% vs. 28%, P=0.006) were related to a higher risk of complications. In multivariate logistic regression analysis CFS ≥3 (OR 6.06, 95% CI 1.88-19.5, p=0.003) and albumin level 31-34g/l (OR 3.88, 1.61-9.38, p=0.003) were significantly associated with postoperative complications. Severe complications were more common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (43% vs. 13%, p=0.047), renal failure (25% vs. 12%, p=0.021), albumin level 31-34g/l (26% vs. 8%, p=0.014) and CCI >6 (23% vs. 10%, p=0.034).
Surgery on physically and cognitively fit aged colon cancer patients with CFS 1-2 can lead to excellent operative outcomes similar to those of younger patients. The CFS could be a useful screening tool for predicting postoperative complications.
Surgery on physically and cognitively fit aged colon cancer patients with CFS 1-2 can lead to excellent operative outcomes similar to those of younger patients. The CFS could be a useful screening tool for predicting postoperative complications.
To compare the impact of a care bundle including medication reconciliation at discharge by a pharmacist versus standard of care, on continuity of therapeutic changes between hospital and primary care and outcome of patients, within 1month after discharge.
Randomised controlled trial in 120 adult patients with at least one chronic disease and three current medications before admission, hospitalised in an infectious disease department of a tertiary hospital and discharged home. Patients were randomly assigned (11) to receive a discharge care bundle including medication reconciliation, counselling session and documentation transfer to primary care physician (PCP) (intervention group) or standard of care (control group). Primary outcome was the proportion of in-hospital prescription changes, not maintained by the PCP, 1month after discharge. Secondary outcome measures included the proportion of patients experiencing early PCP's consultation, hospital readmissions or adverse reactions within 1-month postdischarge and cost of discharge prescriptions.
Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. One month after discharge, the proportion of in-hospital prescription changes, not maintained by the PCP, was 11% in the intervention group versus 24% in the control group (P=.007). Acetosyringone mw The median delay before PCP's consultation was longer in the intervention group (30.5 vs 19.5days, P=.013), there were fewer patients readmitted to hospital (3.4% vs 20.7%, P=.009, odds ratio (OR)=0.13 [0.02-0.53]) and fewer patients who suffered from adverse drug reaction (7.0% vs 22.8%, P=.04, OR=0.26 [0.07-0.78]).
This care bundle resulted in the reduction of treatment changes between hospital discharge and primary care.
This care bundle resulted in the reduction of treatment changes between hospital discharge and primary care.Surveillance programs have been reporting decreasing rates of carbapenem-sensitivity in Serratia marcescens, leading to a concern regarding the few remaining therapeutic options to treat these multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms. Here, we describe a case series of 11 stem cell hematopoietic transplantation patients infected (N = 6) or colonized (N = 5) by carbapenem-resistant S marcescens (CrSm) from 2010 to 2013. The comorbidities found were acute renal insufficiency (3/11), neutropenia (7/11), and mucositis (8/11), and the mortality rate was 64%. KPC was the most prevalent carbapenemase detected (8/11) and tigecycline and gentamicin were the antimicrobials used as treatment.After the nuclear accident in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, in 2011, 137 Caesium (Cs) contaminated nearby agricultural regions. Studies in these rice fields found that low K and high N fertilizer application enhanced Cs uptake in rice shoots. However, the influence of root and soil physics on these findings, as well as precise nutrient levels, remain to be clarified. We sought to analyse these relationships utilizing hydroponically grown rice plants. The rice plants were subjected to various concentrations of K and N nutrient solutions. We measured Cs allocation within the plants and performed transcript analyses using root tissues. Under low-K conditions, low-N plants accumulated less Cs in shoots and more in roots when compared to control-N conditions, even though overall Cs uptake remained unchanged. Expression analyses of root mRNAs showed that low-N plants accumulated reduced levels of OsAKT1 mRNA, encoding a K transporter. We also found a negative relationship between shoot Cs and K status in control-N but not in low-N conditions.
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