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Ideas associated with child lupus nephritis in the prospective fashionable multi-center cohort.
However, several fundamental challenges, such as intracellular delivery, solubility, physiological stability, and clearance, still need to be addressed before PNAs become broadly applicable in clinical settings. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in PNAs as antibacterial agents and the challenges that need to be overcome in the future.Background Triterpenes is a large group of secondary metabolites mainly produced by plans with a variety of biological activities including potential antitumor effects. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a very common primary liver disease spread worldwide. The treatment can consist in surgical intervention, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and chemotherapeutic drugs. These drugs mainly include tyrosine multikinase inhibitors although their use is limited by the underlying liver disease and displays side effects. For that reason, the utility of natural compounds such as triterpenes to treat HCC is an interesting line of research. No clinical studies are reported in humans so far. Objective The aim of the present work is to review the knowledge about the effects of triterpenes as a possible coadjuvant tool to treat HCC. Results In vitro and xenograft models have pointed out the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects as well as improvements in tumor growth and development of many triterpenes. In addition, they have also been shown to be chemisensitizing agents when co-administered with chemotherapeutic agents. The mechanisms of action are diverse and involve the participation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, including JNK, p38 MAPK and ERK, and the survival-associated PI3K / Akt signaling pathway. However, no clinical studies are still reported in humans. Conclusion Triterpenes could become a future strategy to address HCC or at least improve results when administered in combination with chemotherapeutic agents.Background Several clinically used COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor drugs were reported to possess severe side effects like GI ulcers and cardiovascular disturbances, respectively. Natural products being structurally diverse always attracted the attention of chemists/medicinal chemists as a potential source of lead molecules in drug discovery process. COX-2 inhibitory natural products also possess potential cancer chemopreventive property against various cancers including that of colon, breast, and prostate. Methods Various in vitro, in vivo, in silico standardized methods were used to evaluate COX inhibition property of different secondary metabolites isolated from plant, microbial and marine origin. Results We had earlier reported a detailed account of natural product inhibitors of COX reported during 1995-2005 in 2006. In the proposed review we report 158 natural product inhibitors of COX during 2006 to 2019 belonging to various secondary metabolite classes such as alkaloids, terpenoids, polyphenols as flavonoids, chromones, coumarins, lignans, anthraquinones, naphthalenes, curcuminoids, diarylheptanoids and miscellaneous compounds of plant and marine origin. Further structure activity relationship (SAR) studies of possible leads are also included in the article. Conclusion COX inhibitors served as a potential source of lead molecules for discovery and development of anti-inflammatory drugs. Compilation of natural product and semi-synthetic inhibitors of COX may serve as valuable information to the researchers who are looking for possible lead molecules from natural source to conduct further preclinical and clinical studies.Objective Identify risk factors and perioperative morbidity for patients undergoing branchial cleft cyst (BCC) excision. Study design Cross-sectional analysis. Setting American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program adult and pediatric databases (NSQIP and NSQIP-P). Subject and methods Patients who underwent BCC excision (Current Procedural Terminology 42810, 42815) were queried via NSQIP (2005-2016) and NSQIP-P (2012-2016). Outcomes analyzed include patient demographics, medical comorbidities, admission type, operative characteristics, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications, and readmission. Results A total of 1775 children and 677 adults were identified. Mean age at time of surgery was 4.6 years for children and 38.6 years for adults. MEDICA16 Outpatient procedures were performed in 87.1% of adults and 94.0% of children (P less then .001). Postoperative complications were uncommon, occurring in less then 1% of adults and 3.9% of children (P less then .001). Similarly, readmission occurred in 1.2% of adults and 1.1% of children. In adults, smoking status was shown to have a significant effect on postoperative complications (odds ratio, 6.25; P = .037). Age group did not have an effect on the complication rate in the pediatric population. Pediatric otolaryngologists had higher rates of postoperative complications (P = .001), prolonged operative times (P less then .001), and fewer outpatient procedures (P less then .001). Conversely, in adults, otolaryngologists had fewer postoperative complications. Conclusion Postoperative complications following BCC excision are relatively uncommon, demonstrating procedural safety when performed at any age.Background Palliative care has been widely implemented in clinical practice for patients with cancer but is not routinely provided to people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Aim The study aims were to compare palliative care services, medications, life-sustaining interventions, place of death, symptom burden and health-related quality of life among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer populations. Design Systematic review with meta-analysis (PROSPERO CRD42019139425). Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched for studies comparing palliative care, symptom burden or health-related quality of life among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer or populations with both conditions. Quality scores were assigned using the QualSyst tool. Results Nineteen studies were included. There was significant heterogeneity in study design and sample size. A random effects meta-analysis (n = 3-7) determined that people with lung cancer had higher odds of receiving hospital (odds ratio 9.
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