Notes

Glycosyltransferase Jhp0106 (PseE) plays a role in flagellin adulthood in Helicobacter pylori.
Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), which is also known as citrus greening, is a destructive disease continuing to devastate citrus production worldwide. Although all citrus varieties can be infected with 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (CaLas), a certain level of HLB tolerance of scion varieties can be conferred by some rootstocks. To understand the effects of rootstock varieties on orange fruit under CaLas stress, comparative iTRAQ proteomic profilings were conducted, using fruit from 'Valencia' sweet orange grafted on the sensitive ('Swingle') and tolerant rootstocks (a new selection called '46x20-04-48') infected by CaLas as experimental groups, and the same plant materials without CaLas infection as controls. The symptomatic fruit on 'Swingle' had 573 differentially-expressed (DE) proteins in comparison with their healthy fruit on the same rootstock, whereas the symptomatic fruit on '46x20-04-48' had 263 DE proteins. Many defense-associated proteins were down-regulated in the symptomatic fruit on 'Swingle' rootstock that were seldom detected in the symptomatic fruit on the '46x20-04-48' rootstock, especially the proteins involved in the jasmonate biosynthesis (AOC4), jasmonate signaling (ASK2, RUB1, SKP1, HSP70T-2, and HSP90.1), protein hydrolysis (RPN8A and RPT2a), and vesicle trafficking (SNAREs and Clathrin) pathways. Therefore, we predict that the down-regulated proteins involved in the jasmonate signaling pathway and vesicle trafficking are likely to be related to citrus sensitivity to the CaLas pathogen.Sex determination is a pivotal step in forensic and bioarchaeological fields. Generally, scholars focus on metric or qualitative morphological features, but in the last few years several contributions have applied geometric-morphometric (GM) techniques to overcome limitations of traditional approaches. In this study, we explore sexual dimorphism in modern human tali from three early 20th century populations (Sassari and Bologna, Italy; New York, USA) at intra- and interspecific population levels using geometric morphometric (GM) methods. Statistical analyses were performed using shape, form, and size variables. Our results do not show significant differences in shape between males and females, either considering the pooled sample or the individual populations. Differences in talar morphology due to sexual dimorphism are mainly related to allometry, i.e. size-related changes of morphological traits. Discriminant function analysis using form space Principal Components and centroid size correctly classify between 87.7% and 97.2% of the individuals. The result is similar using the pooled sample or the individual population, except for a diminished outcome for the New York group (from 73.9% to 78.2%). Finally, a talus from the Bologna sample (not included in the previous analysis) with known sex was selected to run a virtual resection, followed by two digital reconstructions based on the mean shape of both the pooled sample and the Bologna sample, respectively. The reconstructed talus was correctly classified with a Ppost between 99.9% and 100%, demonstrating that GM is a valuable tool to cope with fragmentary tali, which is a common occurrence in forensic and bioarchaeological contexts.BACKGROUND Identifying acute ischemic stroke (AIS) among potential stroke cases is crucial for stroke research based on claims data. However, the accuracy of using the diagnostic codes of the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision was less than expected. METHODS From the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) claims data, stroke cases admitted to the hospitals participating in the multicenter stroke registry (Clinical Research Collaboration for Stroke in Korea, CRCS-K) during the study period with principal or additional diagnosis codes of I60-I64 on the 10th revision of International Classification of Diseases were extracted. The datasets were randomly divided into development and validation sets with a ratio of 73. A stroke identification algorithm using the claims data was developed and validated through the linkage between the extracted datasets and the registry database. RESULTS Altogether, 40,443 potential cases were extracted from the NHIS claims data, of which 31.7% were certified as AIS through linkage with the CRCS-K database. We selected 17 key identifiers from the claims data and developed 37 conditions through combinations of those key identifiers. The key identifiers comprised brain CT, MRI, use of tissue plasminogen activator, endovascular treatment, carotid endarterectomy or stenting, antithrombotics, anticoagulants, etc. ADT-007 The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of the algorithm were 81.2%, 82.9%, and 82.4% in the development set, and 80.2%, 82.0%, and 81.4% in the validation set, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our stroke identification algorithm may be useful to grasp stroke burden in Korea. However, further efforts to refine the algorithm are necessary.OBJECTIVE To investigate gut dysbiosis in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) or dry eye syndrome (DES) compared to normal subjects and to evaluate the association of dysbiosis with dry eye severity. METHODS 10 subjects with SS, 14 subjects with DES and 12 controls were enrolled. Corneal staining, tear break up time (TBUT) and tear secretion were evaluated. Bacterial genomic 16s rRNA from stool samples were analyzed. Main outcomes were microbiome compositional differences among groups and their correlation to dry eye signs. RESULTS Gut microbiome analysis revealed significant compositional differences in SS compared to controls and DES. In phylum, Bacteriodetes increased, while Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and Actinobacteria decreased (p less then 0.05). In genus, Bifidobacterium was reduced (vs controls; p = 0.025, vs DES; p = 0.026). Beta diversity of SS also showed significant distances from controls and DES (p = 0.007 and 0.019, respectively). SS showed decreased genus of Blautia (p = 0.041), Dorea (prelated to dry eye severity.The statistical power of studies for the assessment of side effects of toxicants on honeybees conducted according to current guidelines is often limited. A new test design and modified field methods have therefore been developed to decrease uncertainty and variability and to be able to detect small effects. The new test design comprises a monitoring phase (before the tunnel phase) for the selection of honeybee colonies and modified methods, which include assessments of colony strength, an evaluation of the cell content of all cells of hives using photos and digital analysis, and the use of video recordings for the assessment of foraging activity and forager mortality. With the proposed new study design and the modified field methods variability between hives was considerably reduced, which resulted in a marked reduction of the minimum detectable difference (MDD). This makes it possible to address the Specific Protection Goals defined by the European Food Safety Authority and to gain unprecedented insight into the development of hives and driving factors.
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