Notes

Discerning build up of the accentuate membrane invasion complex in aging choriocapillaris.
Neoagarooligosaccharides (NAOs) are drawing more and more attention because of their numerous bioactivities, yet limited number of agarases impedes NAOs production from red algae. In this study, predicted agar polysaccharide utilization loci (agar-PUL) were firstly used as inventory for agarase. 6 agarases were identified from agar-PULs and two of them were successfully expressed and analyzed. Then enzyme cocktail (GH16-1GH16-2Aga50D = 211) was proved to have highest synergistic effect. Finally homogenization was applied to G. amansii and proved to be an efficient way to release agar from tissues. When liquid-to-solid ratio was 9 g/150 mL, homogenization time was 20 min, and enzyme cocktail loading was 150 U/150 mL, maximum NAOs production (90.2 mg per 9 g wet G. amansii) could be achieved. Enzyme supported one-step process (ESOP) proposed in study is environment-friendly, time saving, cost saving and none-destructive, therefore has a potential industrial application in red algae utilization.
A three-dimensional (3D) dentin/pulp tissue analogue, resembling the human natural tissue has been engineered in an in vitro setup, aiming to assess the cytocompatibility of resin-based dental restorative cements.

Stem Cells from Apical Papilla (SCAP) and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) were embedded in Collagen-I/Fibrin hydrogels at 13 ratio within 24-well plates. AGK2 Hanging culture inserts were placed over the hydrogels, housing an odontoblast-like cell layer and a human treated-dentin barrier. Shear modulus of the hydrogels at 3.5 and 5 mg/ml was evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis. Eluates of two resin-based cements, a dual-cure- (Breeze™, Pentron Cement-1/C1), and a self-adhesive cement (SpeedCEMplus™, Ivoclar-Vivadent Cement-2/C2) were applied into the dentin/pulp tissue analogue after pre-stimulation with LPS. Cytocompatibility was assessed by MTT assay, live/dead staining and real-time PCR analysis.

Both hydrogel concentrations showed similar shear moduli to the natural pulp until day (D) 7, while the 5 mg/ml-hydrogel substantially increased stiffness by D14. Both cements caused no significant toxicity to the dentin/pulp tissue analogue. C1 induced stimulation (p < 0.01) of cell viability (158 ± 3%, 72 h), while pre-stimulation with LPS attenuated this effect. C2 (±LPS) caused minor reduction of viability (15-20%, 24 h) that recovered at 72 h for the LPS+ group. Both cements caused upregulation of VEGF, ANGP-1, and downregulation of the respective receptors VEGFR-2 and Tie-1.

Both resin-based cements showed good cytocompatibility and triggered angiogenic response within the dentin/pulp tissue analogue, indicating initiation of pulp repair responses to the released xenobiotics.
Both resin-based cements showed good cytocompatibility and triggered angiogenic response within the dentin/pulp tissue analogue, indicating initiation of pulp repair responses to the released xenobiotics.
To evaluate the effect of laser fused and air abraded fluorapatite particles on flexural strength σf and fracture toughness (K
) of Yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP).

160 polished Y-TZP bars received one of the following surface treatments airborne particle abrasion (APA) with fluorapatite glass-ceramics (FGC), APA with tribochemical silica-coated alumina (CoJet), laser fused FGC using NdYAG Laser (FGC + Laser), while as-sintered polished specimens served as control. Initial flexural strength σfI was measured to half of the specimens, while the rest underwent cyclic fatigue (1,000,000 cycle of 15N load and 3 s contact time) followed by measuring residual flexural strength σfR. Fractographic analysis was performed and K
was calculated. The effect of surface treatment and fatigue on flexural strength was statistically analysed using 2-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Weibull probability was measured to assess the reliability of flexural strength.

The highest σf before or after the fatigue was reported for the control group while the lowest was for FGC + Laser group. Cyclic fatigue significantly decreased the flexural strength of all groups except for FGC + Laser group. There was no significant difference between the K
between the control and FGC groups, however, a significant reduction of K
was found in the CoJet group, while FGC + Laser reported the significant lowest value compared to all groups (P = 0.00).

Fluorapatite glass-ceramic powder offers a promising alternative for particle abrasion of zirconia-based frameworks.
Fluorapatite glass-ceramic powder offers a promising alternative for particle abrasion of zirconia-based frameworks.
Since the 1970s imaging devices have been rapidly advancing to provide researchers, clinicians, radiologists, and practitioners greater capabilities to image bone. Today, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has emerged as the gold standard for the assessment of bone and body composition. Despite recent improvements in DXA image quality and reduced radiation dosages and scan times, the data extraction process has yet to be streamlined. The objective of this study was to design an application to allow DXA users to quickly and accurately transfer DXA report data directly into a user-friendly format.

Initial development of the DXA Data Xtraction Assistant (DXA
) included processing 485 DXA reports from a previous study. Using Python script, numeric data from these DXA reports were converted to .csv files and then merged into one file, effectively compiling and organizing all table data from each report, by participant and visit number. A graphical user interface was then developed and beta tested using multiple DXA manufacturers, models, and software versions. To compare the effectiveness of the DXA
to the current standard of manual extraction, all 485 reports were manually transcribed into Microsoft Excel. The time required per report and the error rates were compared.

Manual transcription, by an experienced researcher, took over 10 h with an error rate of 0.6% and average error magnitude of 51%. Data extraction from DXA
took less than 25 min to retrospectively reformat all DXA reports for the DXA
and transcribe all 485 reports with 100% accuracy.

The DXA
application automates DXA report data extraction and aggregation for clinical, research, and applied settings and drastically reduces manual data entry time and eliminates transcription errors.
The DXA2 application automates DXA report data extraction and aggregation for clinical, research, and applied settings and drastically reduces manual data entry time and eliminates transcription errors.
Read More: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/agk2.html