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The study examined the infradian rhythms in total motor activity and the periods of "freerunning" circadian rhythm in male C57BL/6 mice and European greenfinch Chloris chloris exposed to constant light. In birds and mice, the motor activity was characterized with inphase 4-day-long rhythm. The periods of free-running circadian rhythms in birds and mice were 23 and 25 h, respectively, and they were modulated with 4-day-long periodicity. The maximal deviations in the period of free-running circadian rhythm from the individual mean levels coincided with the acrophase of 4-day-long rhythm of motor activity in both species.We analyzed functional status of blood leukocytes in diabetes mellitus and after addition of glucose in vitro. To this end, generation of ROS and reactive halogen species by monocytes and neutrophils from patients with diabetes mellitus and healthy donors was assayed using lucigenin- and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence after stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or opsonized zymosan in vitro. Formation of neutrophil extracellular traps was evaluated in the blood after addition of glucose. In comparison with donors, leukocytes from patients with diabetes mellitus were primed and this effect can be modeled by addition of glucose to the blood in vitro. Addition of glucose to donor blood also triggered the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps.Comparative evaluation of blood content of VEGF, sVEGFR1, and sVEGFR2 in 104 primary gastric cancer patients and 65 healthy persons was performed and associations of these markers with the principal clinical and morphological characteristics of gastric cancer were analyzed. The median levels of VEGF and sVEGFR1 in gastric cancer patients significantly surpassed the control by 1.5 (p less then 0.001) and 1.2 times (p less then 0.01), respectively. On the contrary, sVEGFR2 level in patients was below the control (p less then 0.001). The best sensitivity-specificity ratio (64 and 65%, respectively) was observed for VEGF at 347 pg/ml cut-off value, which is insufficient for the use of this parameter as a clinically valuable serological marker for gastric cancer. No significant associations of these markers with the disease stage, depth of primary tumor invasion, its histological type, grade, or localization were found. The serum level of VEGF in patients with metastases to more than 7 regional lymph nodes (N3) was significantly higher than in patients without lymph node metastases (N0). Blood content of sVEGFR1 in patients with distant metastases (М+) was lower than in patients without distant metastases (М0). Thus, VEGF and its receptors circulating in the peripheral blood do not play significant diagnostic role in gastric cancer, but could be useful in monitoring and prognosis of the efficiency of antiangiogenic therapy.Using an experimental model of pulmonary hypertension in rats (monocrotaline in a dose of 60 mg/kg), we revealed an additional focus of early excitation in the zone where the pulmonary veins enter the left atrium, in addition to the main focus in the sinoatrial node. Pulmonary hypertension leads to the formation of regions of early activation in the right and left atria and a significant change in the sequence of atrial depolarization. Propagation of independent excitation waves in the right and left atria increases heterogeneity of depolarization and leads to the formation of atrial arrhythmias.We studied the expression of small heat shock proteins HSP10 and HSP27 in left ventricular cardiomyocytes in animals with arterial hypertension, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and their combination. The experiment was performed on 38-week-old male Wistar-Kyoto and 38-57-week-old SHR (spontaneously hypertensive) rats. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was modeled by single parenteral injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). Expression of HSP10 and HSP27 in left ventricular cardiomyocytes was evaluated by immunohistochemical assay. It was found that the content of HSP10 in the left ventricular cardiomyocytes decreased in comparison with the control in case of isolated diabetes mellitus and, on the contrary, increased in case of arterial hypertension combined with diabetes mellitus. The intensity of HSP27 expression decreased in case of 38-week arterial hypertension and a combination of arterial hypertension with diabetes mellitus. However, in case of 57-week arterial hypertension we observed an increase in the content of HSP27 in cardiomyocytes.We studied the relationship between body weight and behavioral characteristics (anxiety, social status, aggressive and exploratory behavior, and sociability) of socially housed adult male cynomolgus macaques. Of the studied parameters, only anxiety showed pronounced relationship with body weight. It is noteworthy that state anxiety demonstrated stronger relationship with body weight than trait anxiety.We performed a comparative analysis of infarction-limiting activity of analogues of opioid receptor agonist U-50488 under conditions of heart reperfusion in rats. Derivatives of amide N-methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)cyclohexyl-1-amine were administered 5 min before reperfusion in a dose of 1 mg/kg, derivative II (opicor) was additionally used in a dose of 2 mg/kg. In a dose of 1 mg/kg, all derivatives of opioid U-50488 were ineffective and produced no infarction-limiting effect. Opicor in a dose of 2 mg/kg reduced the infarction size/area at risk ratio and improved the contractility parameters of the isolated heart. Opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone (5 mg/kg) abolished the infarction-limiting effect of opicor. find more Hence, the infarction-reducing effect of opicor is associated with activation of opioid receptors. We also demonstrated that the opioid (opicor) can improve cardiac contractility during the reperfusion period.The protocol of optogenetic ChR2-mediated activation of astrocytes was used in a model of artificial neurogenic niche, neurospheres implanted into ex vivo organotypic cultures of mouse hippocampus. The electrophysiological characteristics of the hippocampus and expression of molecules involved in the mechanisms of activation of astrocytes and microglia (GFAP, CD38, C3/C3b, Cx43, CD11b, and CD18) were evaluated. Photoactivation of astrocytes led to activation of neurogenesis and changes in the expression of molecules (Cx43 and CD38) that determine bioavailability of NAD+ to ensure proliferative activity of cells in the neurogenic niche. Implantation of neurospheres into organotypic slices of the hippocampus caused an increase in C3/C3b expression and suppression of the synaptic plasticity of hippocampal neurons.
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