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Brightening involving Dim Claims inside CsPbBr3 Huge Dots Due to Light-Induced Magnetism.
The work reported here is a clear example on how combining traditional catalyst screening in homogeneous catalysis with NMR diffusion and relaxation time measurements can lead to new physico-chemical insights into such systems by providing data able to quantify aggregation phenomena and molecular dynamics. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Pt-based electrocatalysts are considered as a kind of most promising choice to facilitate the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the key factor enabling their success is to reduce the required amount of platinum. Herein, we focus on illuminating both the theoretical mechanisms which enable enhanced and sustained ORR activity and the practical methods to achieve them in catalysts. The various multi-step pathways of ORR are firstly reviewed and the rate-determining steps based on the reaction intermediates and their binding energies are analyzed. We then explain the critical aspects of Pt-based electrocatalysts to tune oxygen reduction properties from the viewpoints of active sites exposure and altering the surface electronic structure and summarize representative research progress towards practically achieving these activity enhancements with a focus on platinum size reduction, shape control and core Pt elimination methods. We finally outline the remaining challenges and provide our perspectives with regards to further enhancing their activities. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.A novel photo-responsive and fully conjugated N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) has been synthesized to combine the excellent photophysical properties of arylazopyrazoles (AAPs) with an NHC as a robust surface anchor (AAP-BIMe). The formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold was proven by ToF-SIMS and XPS and the organic film displayed a very high stability at elevated temperatures. This stability was also reflected in a high desorption energy which was determined by temperature programmed SIMS measurements. E-/Z-AAP-BIMe@Au photoisomerization resulted in reversible alterations of the surface energy (i.e. wettability), the surface potential (i.e. work function) and the conductance (i.e. resistance). The effects could be explained by the difference in dipole moment of the isomers. Furthermore, a sequential application of a dummy ligand by microcontact printing and subsequent backfilling with AAP-BIMe allowed for its patterning on gold. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a photoswitchable NHC on an Au surface. These properties of AAP-BIMe@Au illustrate its suitability as a molecular switch for novel electronic devices. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.BACKGROUND Many cognitive aids are formatted in a step-by-step fashion with the intent that the aid will be accessed at the beginning of a critical event and that key behaviors will be performed in sequence. AIMS We hypothesized that, during simulated pediatric intraoperative critical events anesthesia clinicians may not use cognitive aids immediately after the onset of a critical event but instead access the aid only after first performing several key behaviors. METHODS This manuscript is a re-analysis of previously published simulation data. The original study involved 89 clinicians participating in 143 pediatric intraoperative events divided into 6 types arrhythmia, venous air embolus, hypoxemia, malignant hyperthermia, hypotension, and supraventricular tachycardia. For each trial involving cognitive aid use, we measured the time from event trigger to cognitive aid use and the number and type of key behaviors performed by simulation participants prior to cognitive aid access. RESULTS Cognitive aid use was sought in 66 of 93 trials where it was available. Sufficient data for this analysis was available in 65 trials. The average time from event trigger to first cognitive aid use was 258 seconds. In 62/65 trials (95%), the cognitive aid was accessed after at least 1 key behavior had already been performed. The time from event trigger to cognitive aid use varied by type of scenario (P = 0.03, d.f. 5, adjusted H 12.78), with the shortest time for "supraventricular tachycardia" (90 [66,156] seconds (median [IQR]) and the longest time for "hypoxemia" (354 [192,492] seconds). CONCLUSIONS In simulated critical events, anesthesia residents and student nurse anesthetists often consulted a cognitive aid only after first performing at least some key behaviors. Incorporating the possibility of delayed access into critical event cognitive aid design may facilitate the effectiveness of that aid. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Exercise testing is a valuable tool for assessing the cardiorespiratory and functional capacity of healthy children (1). Step tests can assess exercise tolerance, only require a small space and are simple, safe and low cost (2). Few studies have evaluated the validity and reliability of step tests in healthy children, which means that reference values are rare (3). This article is protected by copyright. check details All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic, systemic immune-mediated inflammatory musculoskeletal disease. The onset of dermatologic symptoms often precedes rheumatic manifestations. Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of PsA that has been shown to improve dermatologic symptoms in patients with PsA. OBJECTIVES To investigate the efficacy of tofacitinib in improving dermatologic endpoints in adult patients with active PsA. METHODS This analysis included data from two placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 studies in patients with active PsA and an inadequate response (IR) to ≥1 conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (csDMARD) who were tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi)-naïve (OPAL Broaden;NCT01877668) or an IR to ≥1 TNFi (OPAL Beyond;NCT01882439). Patients had active plaque psoriasis at screening and received a stable dose of one csDMARD during the study. Patients were randomized to tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily (BID), 10 mg BID, adalimumab 40 mg sus a treatment option for patients with active PsA, including the burdensome dermatologic symptoms of PsA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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