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Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: Bioaccumulation Potentials in Humans and Levels in Blood vessels just before and through the actual Covid-19 Crisis.
The patient's complaints were resolved on the second day after administrating bisphosphonate and hypercalcemia did not recur.
The gold standard for assessing pubertal activation is the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test (GnRHST), which is invasive, time-consuming and inconvenient. This study evaluated whether a single random measurement of urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration could substitute for the GnRHST in diagnosing and monitoring central precocious puberty (CPP) in girls.

Fifty-five girls with breast buds before 8 years of age were assessed by both the GnRHST and urinary gonadotropin assays. ASN007 cell line Based on GnRHST results, 29 girls were assigned to the CPP group (peak LH ≥ 5 IU/L) and 26 to the premature thelarche (PT) group (peak LH < 5 IU/L). Auxological data and urine and serum samples were collected at baseline and after treatment with GnRH agonist for 12 and 24 weeks.

Although auxological data did not differ between the two groups, the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1, basal LH and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, peak LH, urinary LH, and peak LH/FSH and urinary LH/FSH ratios were higher in the CPP than in the PT group. Pearson's correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between urinary and serum LH concentration (r = 0.660, P < 0.001). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses showed that urinary LH concentration 0.725 IU/L was a cutoff significantly reflecting positivity on the GnRHST. Urinary LH and FSH concentrations declined significantly during GnRH agonist treatment.

A single, random measurement of urinary gonadotropin concentration may be reliable for the initial screening and monitoring of CPP in girls.
A single, random measurement of urinary gonadotropin concentration may be reliable for the initial screening and monitoring of CPP in girls.Myhre syndrome (MS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by short stature, intellectual disability, skeletal anomalies, restricted joint mobility, distinctive facial dysmorphism, and deafness. Early diagnosis of MS is difficult because its features progress and become noticeable at school age. Recently, the SMAD4 gene was identified as the major gene responsible for MS. Herein, we report the first Korean case of MS after identification of a SMAD4 mutation by clinical exome sequencing. The patient was born as small for gestational age and she had typical clinical features of MS, including short stature, characteristic facial appearance, developmental delay, and selective mutism. She was diagnosed with central precocious puberty. Because of her precocious puberty and short stature, we subsequently administered combined recombinant human growth hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatments, which resulted in improved height. While there have been 79 reported cases worldwide, to our knowledge, this is the first case of genetically confirmed MS in Korea.
This study aimed to evaluate the time interval to menarche after gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment in females with central precocious puberty (CPP) and identify factors contributing to timing of menarche.

We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 39 females with CPP who reached menarche after GnRHa treatment (leuprolide or histrelin). CPP diagnostic criteria were breast development <8 years, pubertal luteinizing hormone and/or estradiol concentrations, and bone age advancement. Indications to treat are advanced bone age and psychosocial concerns. Descriptive summaries were reported as frequency and proportion for categorical variables and mean and standard deviation for continuous measures. Linear regression models were performed to evaluate the association between clinical factors with the time interval to menarche.

Mean age was 9.4±1.6 years at treatment onset and treatment duration was 2.2±1.4 years. Menarche occurred at 12.6±1.1 years, which was 1.04±0.5 years after tregatively associated with time interval to menarche. This data provide clinical correlates that assist providers during anticipatory guidance of patients with CPP after GnRHa treatment.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on peak serum growth hormone (GH) level after GH stimulation test in children with short stature.

Data was obtained from retrospective medical records review of those who visited the pediatric endocrine clinic at St. Vincent's hospital of Catholic university for short stature from January 2010 to June 2019. A total 115 children (66 boys and 49 girls) whose height was less than 3 percentiles according to age and sex underwent GH stimulation test.

Of 115 subjects, 47 were diagnosed with GH deficiency (GHD) and 68 were diagnosed with idiopathic short stature (ISS). In patients with GHD, weight standard deviation score (SDS) (P < 0.001) and BMI SDS (P ≤ 0.001) were higher and free thyroxine (T4) level (P = 0.012) was lower than those in the ISS group. In total subjects, peak serum GH level after GH stimulation test showed negative correlations with weight SDS (r = -0.465, P < 0.001), BMI SDS (r = -0.398, P < 0.001), thyroid stimulating hormone (r = -0.248, P = 0.008) and a positive correlation with free T4 (r = 0.326, P < 0.001). In multiple regression analysis, BMI SDS (P = 0.003) was negatively associated with peak serum GH level in GH stimulation test after adjusting for age, sex, pubertal status and type of pharmacological stimulus.

BMI SDS influence peak serum GH level after GH stimulation test. We should consider BMI factor when interpreting of results of GH stimulation test.
BMI SDS influence peak serum GH level after GH stimulation test. We should consider BMI factor when interpreting of results of GH stimulation test.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a medically fatal condition in poorly controlled hyperglycemia or newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. Severe hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is an uncommon complication of DKA and can be associated with acute pancreatitis (AP). We present the clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and management of AP associated with HTG in a 14-year-old girl with DKA. The patient with seven-year history of type 2 diabetes presented with epigastric pain, 1 month after stopping insulin injection. DKA, severe HTG, and AP were diagnosed based on the laboratory and imaging tests. She recovered from DKA after conventional treatment for DKA, and her triglyceride (TG) level was reduced from 10,867 mg/dL to normal range after 6 days of admission without anti-lipid medication. Considering not too low C-peptide levels, negative diabetes-related antibodies and high TG level, targeted gene panel sequencing was performed on the genes associated with diabetes and HTG. We identified a heterozygous mutation c.
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