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Colleges in the United States are determining how to operate safely amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

To examine the clinical outcomes, cost, and cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 mitigation strategies on college campuses.

The Clinical and Economic Analysis of COVID-19 interventions (CEACOV) model, a dynamic microsimulation model, was used to examine alternative mitigation strategies. The CEACOV model tracks infections accrued by students and faculty, accounting for community transmissions.

Data from published literature were used to obtain parameters related to COVID-19 and contact-hours.

Undergraduate students and faculty at U.S. colleges.

One semester (105 days).

Modified societal.

COVID-19 mitigation strategies, including social distancing, masks, and routine laboratory screening.

Infections among students and faculty per 5000 students and per 1000 faculty, isolation days, tests, costs, cost per infection prevented, and cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY).

Amond prevent 96% of infections and require low-cost tests to be economically attractive.

National Institutes of Health.
National Institutes of Health.
The paucity of public health messages that directly address communities of color might contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in knowledge and behavior related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

To determine whether physician-delivered prevention messages affect knowledge and information-seeking behavior of Black and Latinx individuals and whether this differs according to the race/ethnicity of the physician and tailored content.

Randomized controlled trial. (Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04371419; American Economic Association RCT Registry, AEARCTR-0005789).

United States, 13 May 2020 to 26 May 2020.

14 267 self-identified Black or Latinx adults recruited via Lucid survey platform.

Participants viewed 3 video messages regarding COVID-19 that varied by physician race/ethnicity, acknowledgment of racism/inequality, and community perceptions of mask wearing.

Knowledge gaps (number of errors on 7 facts on COVID-19 symptoms and prevention) and information-seeking behavior (number of e Foundation; Massachusetts General Hospital; and National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
National Science Foundation; Massachusetts General Hospital; and National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.An iodine-promoted divergent thiolation of unprotected anilines with thiols for the synthesis of sulfide anilines has been described. The combinational use of I2 and DMSO played an important role to realize this kind of transformation without the aid of a metal catalyst and strong oxidants. The reaction selectivity was well controlled to provide mono-, bis-, and trisubstituted diaryl sulfide derivatives. More importantly, iodination and sulfenylation can occur simultaneously to provide useful multifunctionalized iodoaniline products. This method afforded an efficient protocol for the construct C-S and C-I bonds from the C-H bond under mild reaction conditions.Swapping the substituents in positions 2 and 4 of the previously synthesized but yet undisclosed 5-cyano-4-(methylthio)-2-arylpyrimidin-6-ones 4, ring closure, and further optimization led to the identification of the potent antitubercular 2-thio-substituted quinazolinone 26. Pracinostat Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies indicated a crucial role for both meta-nitro substituents for antitubercular activity, while the introduction of polar substituents on the quinazolinone core allowed reduction of bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding (63c, 63d). While most of the tested quinazolinones exhibited no cytotoxicity against MRC-5, the most potent compound 26 was found to be mutagenic via the Ames test. This analogue exhibited moderate inhibitory potency against Mycobacterium tuberculosis thymidylate kinase, the target of the 3-cyanopyridones that lies at the basis of the current analogues, indicating that the whole-cell antimycobacterial activity of the present S-substituted thioquinazolinones is likely due to modulation of alternative or additional targets. Diminished antimycobacterial activity was observed against mutants affected in cofactor F420 biosynthesis (fbiC), cofactor reduction (fgd), or deazaflavin-dependent nitroreductase activity (rv3547), indicating that reductive activation of the 3,5-dinitrobenzyl analogues is key to antimycobacterial activity.We carried out a theoretical, fully ab initio, investigation of the stable forms of the [H,C,N,O,O] pentatomic molecular system, whose isomers are involved in fundamental combustion and atmospheric processes and are of potential interest for astrophysics. By adopting the MP2 and CCSD(T) electronic structure methods, combined with extrapolations to the complete basis set (CBS) limit, we characterized 20 low-energy isomers, excluding weak van der Waals complexes. For these molecules, we determined a set of geometrical parameters, relative energies, anharmonic vibrational frequencies, IR intensities, and fragmentation/formation energies from various atomic and/or molecular fragments. We discuss the relevance of the present findings for the search of new molecular species in astrophysical and atmospheric media and give suggestions for their possible detection in laboratory experiments. The set of data provided by the present work should facilitate the identification of these species from their gas-phase and low-temperature solid matrix spectra, whenever measured.The solid-state properties of organic radicals depend on radical-radical interactions that are influenced by the superstructure of the crystalline phase. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of a substituted tetracationic cyclophane, cyclobis(paraquat-p-1,4-dimethoxyphenylene), which associates in its bisradical dicationic redox state with the methyl viologen radical cation (MV•+) to give a 11 inclusion complex. The (super)structures of the reduced cyclophane and this 11 complex in the solid state deviate from the analogous (super)structures observed for the reduced state of cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) and that of its trisradical tricationic complex. Titration experiments reveal that the methoxy substituents on the p-phenylene linkers do not influence binding of the cyclophane toward small neutral guests-such as dimethoxybenzene and tetrathiafulvalene-whereas binding of larger radical cationic guests such as MV•+ by the reduced cyclophane decreases 10-fold. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the solid-state superstructure of the 11 complex constitutes a discrete entity with weak intermolecular orbital overlap between neighboring complexes.
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