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In October 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) has published a report condemning the practice of virginity testing, which are scientifically unfounded and turn out to be harmful for the women who are victims of these. In February 2019, the Belgian National Council of Physicians Order follows the WHO and has recalled that virginity testing is not justified, neither scientifically nor ethically. To complete these reports, the present article intends to provide to the clinician, whatever its speciality field, an up-to-date and practical guide explaining the nature of hymen, its clinical examination, the mechanism leading to the onset of the lesions, their description and their forensic interpretation. According to the legal and social aspects of forensic medicine, we also would like to recall the nature and the inherent dangers of virginity testing, as well as the legal framework of which the clinician must be aware of, in response to such a request from a patient.Haemophilic arthropathy affects about half of the patients who suffer from haemophilia. Despite the fact that it's one of the main morbidity factors of haemophilia and that the pathophysiology of its mechanism is slowly better understood, its management is still under discussion. The cases of two men (53 and 54 years old) who suffer from ankle haemophilic arthropathy since several years are reported. For both cases, different aspects of the management are investigated, including a medicated and a physiotherapy approach, and an adequate orthotic. Other treatments are available and sometimes used, such as radio- or arthroscopic synovectomy, corticosteroids or platelet-rich plasma in?ltration or visco-supplementation.Spinal cord injury can have widespread consequences beyond the disruption of sensory and motor functions. Injury at or above the sixth thoracic spinal cord segment frequently leads to dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system, which results in a syndrome called autonomic hyperreflexia or dysreflexia. It is a hypertensive crisis triggered by visceral or somatic stimuli below the level of the injury and caused by sympathetic spinal reflexes not modulated by regulatory centers in the brain. Patients with spinal cord injuries frequently undergo surgery for multiple reasons. Because of the potentially lethal complications of autonomic hyperreflexia, physicians, and in particular anaesthesiologists, must be aware of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and adequate perioperative management.Physical activity is a key step in the management of diabetes, both in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In diabetic subjects, it is recommended to practice 150 minutes of weekly physical activity spread over at least three days, with a maximum of two consecutive days without exercise. However, more than 60 % of type 1 diabetic patients fail to meet this goal. This is largely explained by the fear of potential adverse effects, in particular the occurrence of hypoglycaemia during exercise, which represents a major obstacle to its safe practice. Therefore, specific therapeutic education should be considered in these subjects in order to promote regular physical activity.Transfusion plays a major role in the management of hemorrhagic shock where every minute counts. A pre-hospital transfusion protocol is established in the medical vehicle within the emergency department of CHR hospital Liège. It is based on predefined clinical and biological severity criteria which allow us to start a massive transfusion protocol as early as possible and thus to optimize its effect during traumatic hemorrhagic shock.The diagnosis of heart failure can sometimes be challenging for the clinician because presentation circumstances and heart failure phenotypes are varied. The identification and validation of sensitive and specific biomarkers for this condition are still a subject of intensive research. Among them, natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP, NTproBNP) are widely used and validated as markers of heart failure. Their appropriate use and correct interpretation, however, require knowledge of their indications, specificities and limitations. The European Society of Cardiology has recently issued recommendations in this regard. This article summarizes them in order to facilitate the understanding and the use of natriuretic peptides in clinical practice. It also discusses their use in the etiological diagnosis of pleural effusions caused by heart failure.The Pierre-Marie Sainton syndrome or cleidocranial dysplasia is a rare congenital malformation due to a mutation in the RUNX2 gene, causing disruption in osteoblastic maturation, which results in various skeletal, dental and endocrine abnormalities. These various disorders may also have otorhinolaryngology and psychological consequences. We report the case of a patient with this rare birth defect.Mastocytosis are orphan diseases characterized by the accumulation of mast cells in one or more organs. A distinction is made between systemic forms (10 %) and pure cutaneous forms (90 %), the latter being mainly pediatric and generally having a spontaneously favourable prognosis. In the absence of a systemic sign, the diagnostic criteria for cutaneous mastocytosis are Darier's sign, in principle, pathognomonic, as well as skin histology confirming mast cell infiltration. The treatment is essentially preventive (avoidance of factors triggering degranulation) and symptomatic (antihistamine agents).During the follow-up of oncologic patients, pulmonary nodules are frequently discovered and pose a challenge to radiologists. read more Eventhough metastatic origin is often proposed, a thorough imaging protocol including non- and contrast-enhanced computed tomography combined with advanced reconstruction techniques, can be of a great support in proposing alternative diagnosis and adequate complementary treatment. This statement is illustrated by the case of a 60-year-old patient in which a pulmonary nodule diagnosed first as a metastasis, proved to be an aneurysmal pulmonary formation.Introduction The use of Cannabis continues to increase worldwide, especially among adolescents. This use overlaps with cigarette smoking and other illicit and licit drugs and s associated with depressive symptoms and suicide risk. In our national context, little is known about the relationship between Cannabis use and suicide risk. Objective To evaluate the association between Cannabis use and elevated suicide risk in high school adolescents in Santa Marta, Colombia. Materials and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample of high school students between 13 and 17 years of age from official and private schools. We analyzed the use of Cannabis some time in life and suicide risk was quantified using the suicide ideation scale designed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies on Depression. Scores greater than eight were categorized as a high suicide risk. The crude and adjusted opportunity ratio (OR) was estimated. Results A total of 1,462 students participated. Their mean age was 14.
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