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pc-w-HA/PLLA composite showed better mechanical properties (tensile strength of the pc-w-HA/PLLA composite was 22.3% higher than that of w-HA/PLLA), which could be attributed to mainly two factors including the structure preservation of w-HA bundles and pseudorotaxane linkage between PLA-cyclodextrin and PLLA. The MSCs adhesion of the pc-w-HA/PLLA composite was much better due to balanced hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity and surface roughness. This surface modification method could provide a new and effective strategy for the preparation of bioresorbable composite material with great bioactivity and mechanical property, which has great potential in medical device industry. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.Electrocatalytic production of hydrogen from water is considered to be a promising and sustainable strategy. In this work, the low-cost nanostructured MoO2/MoS2/MoP heterojunction is successfully synthesized by phosphorization of the pre-prepared urchin-like MoO2/MoS2 nanospheres as the stable, high efficient electrocatalysis for HER. The MoO2/MoS2/MoP-800 (MoO2/MoS2 nanospheres are phosphated at 800 oC) displays a catalytic ability for HER with an overpotential of 135 mV to achieve 10 mA cm-2 and Tafel slope of 67 mV dec-1 in 0.5 M H2SO4, which is superior to MoO2/MoS2 nanospheres (200 oC; 24 h), MoO2/MoS2/MoP-700 (MoO2/MoS2 nanospheres are phosphated at 700 oC) and MoO2/MoS2/MoP-900 (MoO2/MoS2 nanospheres are phosphated at 900 oC). Meanwhile, the catalyst exhibits the superior property for HER with an overpotential of 145 mV to achieve 10 mA cm-2 and Tafel slope of 71 mV dec-1 in 1 M KOH solution. Detailed characterizations reveal that the improved HER performances are greatly related to P-doping, and spherical nanostructure. This work not only provides a low-cost selective to electrocatalytic production of hydrogen, but also serves as a guide to optimize the composition and structure of nanocomposite. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.A three-step synthesis strategy has been applied to the preparation of Co9S8-loaded tubular carbon nanofibers (CTCNFs/Co9S8 hybrid nanofibers) with excellent microwave absorbing ability. Firstly, tubular polymer nanofibers (TPNFs) are synthesized by our developed confined self-condensation method. Afterwards, TPNFs are converted into surface carboxylated tubular carbon nanofibers (CTCNFs) by carbonization and subsequent acidification processes. Finally, hydrothermal method is used for the controllable growth of Co9S8 nanoparticles on CTCNFs, and a series of CTCNFs/Co9S8 hybrid nanofibers with different Co9S8 loading are obtained. The prepared CTCNFs/Co9S8 hybrid nanofibers possess abundant effective interface and defect dipoles, which will lead to stronger polarization. By the strategy of enhancing dielectric loss, the microwave dissipation ability of CTCNFs/Co9S8 hybrid nanofibers has been significantly improved, showing excellent low-frequency absorbing performance with a minimum reflection loss of -46.81 [email protected] GHz. In addition, the composition, structure and properties of nanofibers have been systematically characterized. The Co9S8 loading on CTCNFs and the filler content of CTCNFs/Co9S8 hybrid nanofibers in matrix are studied and optimized. Meanwhile, the microwave attenuation mechanism has been explained. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.For external irradiation, the variability in organ dose estimation found between computational phantom generations arises particularly from the differences in organ positioning. This work represents the first effort to quantify the differences in organ depth below the body surface between a stylized and voxel phantom series. Herein, the revised Oak Ridge National Laboratory stylized phantom series and the University of Florida/National Cancer Institute voxel phantom series were compared. Both series include whole-body models of the newborn; the 1-, 5-, 10-, and 15-year-old; and the adult human. Organ depths from eight different directions applicable to external irradiation geometries were computed antero-posterior, postero-anterior, left and right lateral, rotational, isotropic, cranial and caudal directions. Organ depths in the stylized phantoms were computed using a ray-tracing technique available through Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations in MCNP6. Organ depths in the voxel phantom were found using phantom matrix manipulation. Resultant organ depths for both series were plotted as distributions; available are twenty-four organs and two bone tissue distributions for each of six phantom ages and in each of the eight directional geometries. Quantitative data descriptors (e.g., mean and median depths) were also tabulated. For demonstration purposes, a literature review of relevant stylized versus voxel comparison works was performed to explore where the quantification of organ depth differences can provide further insight or evidence to study conclusions. The entire dataset of organ depth distributions and their data descriptors can be found in online supplementary files. © 2020 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine.Bismuth sulpho iodide (BiSI) belongs to the family of chalcohalides, which present several attractive electro-optic properties. In particular, BiSI is a semiconductor which could be used in X and gamma ray detection due to a band gap of 1.6 eV, density of 6.4 g cm-3, and absorption coefficient for 60 keV radiation of 5.6 cm2 g-1. This work presents a facile synthesis under solvothermal conditions of a nanocomposite consisting of BiSI nanorods and amorphous carbon structures. Furthermore, it studies its ionising radiation detection properties at room temperature, when prototype detectors were built from pellets. The construction conditions of pellets were also studied, varying the applied pressure and heat treatment to the nanocomposite. Dark current density and response to different exposure rates of a 241Am source were measured for the prototype detectors built. It was found that heat treatment of pellets considerably improves detectors performance. check details Dark current density was one order of magnitude lower than for the pellets without heat treatment, and its response to the 241Am source, linear, with a signal to noise ratio of 7 for 20 V. Finally, the resistivity for the heat treated detector was in the order of 1011 Ω cm, comparable to other materials studied for this application.
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