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Effect regarding vitamin and mineral N amount from prognosis as well as hair loss transplant for the diagnosis regarding hematological malignancy: any meta-analysis.
Chemotherapy plays a major role in the treatment of cancer, but it still has great limitations in anti-tumor effect. Carboplatin (CAR) is the first-line drug in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, but the therapeutic effect is demonstrated weak. Therefore, we modified CAR with hexadecyl chain and polyethylene glycol, so as to realize its liposolubility and PEGylation. The synthesized amphiphilic CAR prodrugs could self-assemble into polymer micelles in water with an average particle size about 11.8 nm and low critical micelles concentration (0.0538 mg·mL-1). In vivo pharmacodynamics and cytotoxicity experiment evidenced that the polymer micelles were equipped with preferable anti-tumor effect, finally attained the aim of elevating anti-tumor effect and prolonging retention time in vivo. The self-assembled micelles skillfully solve the shortcomings of weak efficacy of CAR, which provides a powerful platform for the application of chemical drug in oncology.Purpose The aim of this study was to formulate brimonidine tartrate loaded phase transition microemulsions (PMEs), which undergo phase transition from water in oil (W/O) microemulsions to liquid crystalline (LC) and then oil in water (O/W) microemulsions after instilled into the eye and prolong the precorneal residence time and ocular bioavailability for the effective treatment of glaucoma.Methods The pseudo-ternary phase diagram was developed and various PMEs were prepared using Tween 80 and Span 80 with isopropyl myristate and water. Globule size and shape, physicochemical parameters, in vitro and ex vivo drug release of PMEs were studied. The in vivo anti-glaucoma efficacy of optimized PMEs was studied in an experimental rabbit eyes model and compared with marketed formulation (MF).Results Globule size of PMEs was found less than 200 nm, which was confirmed by both dynamic light scattering technique and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Physicochemical properties such as pH, refractive index, percentage transparency, viscosity and conductivity were also found in the acceptable ranges. In vitro release studies of PMEs exhibited sustained release property. Ex vivo permeation study also supported the enhanced drug flux through cornea from PMEs as compared with MF. In pharmacodynamic study, a greater reduction in intraocular pressure was seen in PMEs as compared to MF.Conclusion PMEs as ocular drug delivery system offer a promising approach to enhance the corneal contact, higher permeation and prolonged precorneal retention time in the eye leading to sustained drug release, enhanced bioavailability and patient compliance.Objective Hypertension is associated with a low-grade systemic inflammation in cardiovascular system. Macrophage infiltration may initiate an inflammatory process that contributes to vascular and ventricular remodeling in hypertensive human and mice. The present study investigated the effect of chemical depletion of macrophage using liposome encapsulated clodronate (LEC) on cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling in angiotensin (Ang) II hypertensive mice.Methods C57BL/6 mice received an Ang II (1.1 mg/kg/day with a minipump) infusion for 2 weeks to induce hypertension. Endothelium-dependent relaxation (ED) was examined by organ bath, hematoxylin and staining and Masson-Trichrome staining were used to evaluate aorta and cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.Results Ang II infusion significantly increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, and impaired EDR accompanied by increased macrophage infiltration in the heart. Treatment with LEC significantly lowered Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and cardiac macrophage infiltration, and improved EDR with a mild reduction in SBP. Ang II increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines tumor necross factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta and profibrotic factors transforming growth factor beta 1 and fibronectin in the heart, with was reduced by LEC treatment. Treatment with LEC prevented Ang II-induced the phosphorphorylation of ERK1/2 and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase.Conclusions Our study suggests that cardiac macrophage may be critical for hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling, the underlying mechanisms may involve initial heart inflammation and the activation of hypertrophic MAPKs pathway.Flibanserin (FLB) was approved by FDA for the treatment of pre-menopausal female hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). FLB suffers from low oral bioavailability (33%) which might be due to hepatic first-pass metabolism in addition to its poor aqueous solubility. The sublingual route could be a promising alternative for FLB due to the avoidance of enterohepatic circulation. However, the drug needs to dissolve in the small volume of saliva in order to be absorbed through the sublingual mucosa. Therefore, FLB nanocrystals were prepared by sono-precipitation technique according to 23 full factorial design. FLB-nanocrystals were formulated using two surfactants (PVP K30 and PL F127) in two different amounts (200 and 400 mg) and the volume of ethanol was either 3 or 5 mL. Nanocrystal formulation was optimized according to the desirability function to have a minimum particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, and maximum saturated solubility. The optimized formula had a particle size of 443.12 ± 14.91 nm and a saturated solubility of 23.27 ± 4.62 mg/L which is five times the saturated solubility of FLB. Nanocrystal dispersion of the optimized formula was solidified by freeze-drying and used to prepare rapidly disintegrating sublingual tablets containing Pharmaburst® as superdisintegrant. Sublingual tablet formulation with the shortest disintegration time (36 s) was selected for the in vivo study. PLX4032 in vivo FLB nanocrystal-based sublingual tablets exhibited a two-fold increase in bioavailability with a faster onset of action compared to the commercially available oral formulation. These findings prove the potential application of FLB nanocrystal-based sublingual tablets in the treatment of HSDD.
Isometric exercise (IE) has been shown to reduce resting systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in adults. However, no one to date has determined whether true inter-individual response differences (IIRD) versus random variability exist with respect to IE and resting SBP and DBP in adults ≥18 years of age. The purpose of the current study was to address this gap.

Using the meta-analytic approach, randomised controlled trials from a recent meta-analysis that examined the effects of IE on resting SBP and DBP were included. Change outcome standard deviations for SBP and DBP from IE and control groups were used to calculate true IIRD from each study. The inverse variance heterogeneity (IVhet) model was used to pool results.

Pooled changes for true IIRD in SBP (16 studies, 411 participants) were 3.3 mmHg (95% confidence interval, -3.1 to 5.6 mmHg) while tau (


τ


)

was 4.2. For DBP, true IIRD (16 studies, 411 participants) were 2.3 mmHg (95% confidence interval, -0.
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