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Successful strategy for secondary angle-closure glaucoma due to upsetting lens subluxation: phacoemulsification using capsular-tension-ring implantation joined with ophthalmic endoscope-controlled goniosynechialysis.
Improper fertilization style is one of the main reasons for low water and fertilizer use efficiency of double-ridge-furrow sowing with the whole plastic film mulching in maize production in the semi-arid area. Understanding the effects of reduction, postponing, and organic fertilizer substitution of nitrogen fertilizer on water and fertilizer use efficiency and yield of maize can provide theore-tical basis for effective management of water and fertilizer in maize production. Based on a 4-year field experiment with three treatments all fertilizers as base fertilizer under double-ridge-furrow sowing with the whole plastic film mulching (CK), nitrogen fertilizer reduced by 15% and topdres-sing in tasseling stage (RN), 30% of the chemical fertilizer replaced by organic fertilizer and topdressing in tasseling stage (RNM), we measured water consumption characteristics, growth and development, water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of maize. The results showed that fertilization pattern significantly affected w), P (PEPTP) and K (PEPTK) were all increased significantly. In conclusion, RN could improve water consumption and the SPAD value in post-flowering stage of maize in different precipitation years, increase post-flowering biomass, and optimize the ear character, obviously improve yield, water and fertilizer use efficiency. It was a effective fertilizer management mode with high-efficiency utilization of water and fertilizer under double-ridge-furrow sowing with the whole plastic film mulching in maize in the semi-arid area.We analyzed winter wheat yield and growth pattern of soybean-wheat and rice-wheat rotation systems in response to different nitrogen fertilization patterns with the aim to provide theoretical basis for narrowing the wheat yield gap between the two rotations in Jianghan Plain. Field experiments were conducted with three treatments, control without nitrogen, traditional nitrogen management (70% nitrogen as basal and 30% nitrogen as topdressing at overwintering), and improved nitrogen management (one third of N was applied at sowing, wintering and jointing, respectively). The growth pattern, grain yield, yield components, fertilizer use-efficiency and economic benefit under the different nitrogen fertilization patterns were examined. Results showed that grain yield was significantly affected by both nitrogen fertilization pattern and crop rotation. Grain yield under improved nitrogen treatment was significantly higher, with the yield gap being 920 kg·hm-2 in soybean-wheat rotation and 2195 kg·hm-2 in rice-wheat yield and benefit under improved nitrogen pattern, which was the optimum pattern for both wheat yield and benefit in Jianghan Plain.The spectrometer-based nitrogen (N) nutrition monitoring and diagnosis models for double-cropping rice in Jiangxi is important for recommending precise N topdressing rate, achieving high yield, improving grain quality and increasing economic efficiency. Field experiments were conducted in Jiangxi in 2016 and 2017, involving different early rice and late rice cultivars and N application rates. Plant N accumulation (PNA) and canopy spectral vegetation indices (VIs) were measured at tillering and jointing stages with two spectrometers, i.e., GreenSeeker (an active multispectral sensor containing 780 and 660 nm wavelengths) and crop growth monitoring and diagnosis apparatus (CGMD, a passive multispectral sensor containing 810 and 720 nm wavelengths). The VI-based models of PNA were established from a experimental dataset and then validated using an independent dataset. The N topdressing rates for tillering and jointing stages were calculated using the newly developed N spectral diagnosis model and higher yield cupared with conventional farmer's plan, the precision N application plan reduced N fertilizer application rate by 5.5 kg·hm-2, while N agronomic efficiency and net income was improved by 0.8% and 128 yuan·hm-2, respectively. selleck kinase inhibitor Application of the spectral monitoring and diagnosis method to guiding fertilization could reduce cost and increase grain yield and net income, and thus had great potential for guiding double-cropping rice production.Net primary productivity (NPP) is one of the core components of the grassland wetland ecosystem carbon balance and climate change. Based on data of vegetation index, meteorology (precipitation and temperature), and vegetation type, we used the CASA (Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach) model to estimate NPP of the Zoige grassland wetland from 1999 to 2015. The spatial and temporal patterns of NPP in the Zoige grassland wetland ecological function area and its relationship with precipitation and temperature were examined. The results showed that the measured values of NPP were close to the simulated values, with the root mean square error being 120.3 g C·m-2 and a R2 of 0.78. The annual mean and the growth season (April-September) mean of NPP of the study area were 329.0 and 229.4 g C·m-2·a-1, respectively, with obvious inter-annual fluctuations, with a weak trend of decline (2.3, 1.6 g C·m-2·a-1). The inter-annual fluctuations of NPP in different vegetation types were basically consistent with the overall fluctuations of NPP of the whole study area. The slope of NPP in annual and growing seasons was from -21.3 to 18.7, -31.5 to 23.1 g C·m-2·a-1. The area with significant increase (mainly distributed in forest coverage area and wetland ecological compensation area) only accouned for 0.3% and 0.7% of the total area, and the area with significant decline (mainly distributed in areas where human activities were concentrated) only accounted for 1.4% and 6.4% of the total area, respectively. The carbon sequestration capacity of different vegetation types was different, among which the forest was the strongest, the grassland was the second, and the wetland vegetation was the weakest. Precipitation was the dominant climatic factor affecting NPP in grassland wetland.As a natural disturbance agent, soil erosion could affect secondary distribution and species composition of soil seed bank. The composition, storage and distribution pattern of the soil seed banks in five different vegetation recovery areas, including bare ground (1), pine forest land (2-4) and secondary forest (5) in the typical red soil erosion area, were studied to explore the effects of soil erosion on soil seed bank during vegetation restoration. The results showed that a total of 21 species were recorded in the soil seed bank. Species richness was low, and dominated by herbaceous species. The density of soil seed bank varied from 56.7 to 793.3 seeds·m-2 and differed significantly among the sampling plots. Further, the density of soil seed bank decreased obviously with the increasing soil erosion intensity. The seed bank density of 0-2 cm soil layer increased along uphill, middle slope, and downhill. The soil seed banks of severely eroded and strongly eroded plots were mainly distributed in the 5-10 cm soil layer, with almost no seeds in 0-2 cm soil layer on the middle slope and uphill.
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