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The influence of temperature-time combinations on non-volatile compound and taste traits of beef semitendinosus muscles tested by the electronic tongue was studied. Single-stage sous-vide at 60 and 70 °C (6 and 12 h), and two-stage sous-vide that sequentially cooked at 45 °C (3 h) and 60 °C (either 3 or 9 h) were compared with traditional cooking at 70 °C (30 min). WNK-IN-11 threonin kina inhibitor Umami was better explained in the given model of partial least squares regression than astringency, sourness, saltiness, bitterness, and richness. Sous-vide at 70 °C for 12 h characterized the most umami, likely adenosine-5'-monophosphate (AMP) and guanosine-5'-monophosphate (GMP) as significant contributors. Two-stage sous-vide projected higher histidine, leucine, inosine, and hypoxanthine with the astringent and sour taste significant after 6 and 12 h cooking, respectively. Equivalent umami concentration (EUC) between umami amino acids and umami nucleotides showed a strong relationship to umami taste assessed by the electronic tongue. The effects of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), whey protein (WP), and soy protein (SP) on the color loss and degradation of anthocyanins in purple-fleshed sweet potato anthocyanin extracts (PFSPAEs) during thermal treatment and shelf-life storage in model beverage systems by performing chromaticity, degradation kinetics, and principal component analysis. Results showed that WP and SP improved the thermal stability of the PFSPAE, but WP accelerated the color loss of the extract. However, the addition of 25 mg/L SP improved the color and thermal stability of the anthocyanins when heated at 100 °C for 30 min. With regard to the shelf-life storage, the addition of SP and WP showed non-significant effect on the storage stability of the PFSPAE. However, the addition of 2500 mg/L β-CD significantly improved the storage stability of the PFSPAE. In summary, our findings provide useful information on improving the thermal and storage stability of PFSPAEs in beverage systems using food biopolymers. This study aimed to deliver short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs, including propionic and butyric acids) using Pickering emulsions stabilised by hydrophobically modified cellulose nanocrystals (MCNCs). The emulsions (20 wt% oil, 1 wt% MCNCs) were subjected to two in vitro digestion pathways. In the first pathway, the emulsions were used for direct intestinal digestion by bypassing the gastric phase while in the second pathway, the emulsions were subjected to sequential gastrointestinal digestion. Flocculation of emulsion droplets occurred because of charge screening effects by the gastric electrolytes. Such gastric flocculation reduced the droplet surface area, overall lipolysis kinetics and consequently decreased the extent of SCFA release, latter was 40-45% in the gastric-bypassed emulsions and 30-35% in the sequentially-digested emulsions. High proportion of SCFAs remaining after the intestinal digestion (~65%) shows promise in the use of Pickering emulsions for the colon-targeted delivery of SCFAs. The development of a new comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatographic method is described, to obtain the profiles of polyphenolic compounds present in olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves and pulps from different genetic origin. Optimisation of the stationary phase nature, particle size, column length and internal diameter, as well as other separation conditions, was performed. Along the study, three stationary phases (C18, PFP and phenyl) in the first dimension (1D), and five (C18, amide, cyano, phenyl and PFP) in the second dimension (2D) were combined to obtain the maximal number of resolved peaks. The optimised method successfully characterised the presence of 26and 29 common polyphenols in olive leaves and pulp extracts, respectively. Peak volume ratios were used to develop linear discriminant analysis models able to distinguish olive leaves and pulp extracts among seven cultivars from several Spanish regions. The results demonstrate that polyphenolic profiles were characteristic of each cultivar. BACKGROUND Adherence to nicotine patches relates to cessation. This is the first study to examine the validity of self-reported nicotine patch adherence relative to saliva cotinine. METHODS We used data from 198 clinical trial participants who received 11 weeks of nicotine patches, self-reported patch use, had saliva cotinine 1-week after the start of treatment assessed, and were not smoking when saliva was collected (CO less then 6). Self-reported patch adherence was defined as 3-day (before saliva collection), 7-day (before saliva collection), 3-week use (7 days before, and 14 days after, saliva collection), and 11-week use (7 days before, and 10 weeks after, saliva collection). Analyses, including receiver operating characteristic curves, considered differences in nicotine metabolism. Sensitivity, specificity and positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) assessed optimal cotinine cut-point for adherence. RESULTS Self-reported 7-day (r = 0.13) and 3-week (r = 0.13) patch use marginally correlated with week 1 cotinine (p's = 0.08) but not 3-day or 11-week. Significant area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.67 (95 %CI 0.55-0.79) and 0.72 (95 %CI 0.57-0.88) were found using 7-day self-report for the overall sample and for slow metabolizers (p's less then 0.01), but not for normal metabolizers. Optimal 1-week cotinine cut-points using 7-day self-report were 170 ng/mL (overall) and 184 ng/mL (slow), with sensitivity = 0.56-0.62, specificity = 0.69-0.78, PPV = 0.96-0.97, and NPV = 0.13-0.14. CONCLUSIONS Among CO-confirmed abstainers, self-reported patch use and saliva cotinine assessed 1-week into treatment, were modestly correlated and optimal cotinine cut-point differed by rate of nicotine metabolism. Seven-day patch use may be a more valid self-report measure of patch adherence based on cotinine than 3-day, 3-week, or 11-week. Rate of nicotine metabolism may affect this relationship. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are used to establish patient-specific cell lines and organs which are ideal models to mirror the pathological features of diseases in vitro and also, investigate the underlying mechanisms. It is essential to generate wild-type hiPSCs lines to optimize differentiation protocol and be also used, possibly, for cell therapy. In this study, hiPSCs were generated from the dermal fibroblasts of a 78-year-old healthy female individual using the non-genetic-integrated Sendai virus protocol, and characterized using standard validated methods.
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