Notes

Inhibition of Mitochondrial Metabolism Brings about Frugal Removing of Cellular material Designed to Acid Microenvironment.
ween psoriasis and other autoimmune disorders at best remains tenuous for want of strong evidence. Nevertheless, screening for them will improve overall management of these patients. Cross-sectional study design and small number of study subjects remain important limitations.
There is an alarming rise in the incidence of chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis (CRD) in India. Many factors including tinea unguium may be responsible for it.

To evaluate various epidemiological and clinical factors including the presence of tinea unguium as a risk factor for CRD.

This was a case-control study in which patients attending the dermatology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in February-March 2019 were recruited. A total of 80 consecutive clinically diagnosed patients with CRD as per the case definition (cases) were selected. Another 80 consecutive patients with dermatophytosis other than CRD (controls) were also selected. Patients were clinically evaluated with special attention for the presence of tinea unguium.

Among the total of 80 cases, 44 (55%) and 36 (45%) were diagnosed to have chronic dermatophytosis and recurrent dermatophytosis respectively. CRD was relatively uncommon in patients younger than 20 years. Sharing of linen, family history, and topical corticosteroid abuse were also frequent among patients with CRD. Tinea unguium was present in six cases (7.5%) and two controls (2.5%) which was not statistically significant (
= 0.27).

The current epidemic of CRD may be primarily due to a pathogen with certain specific epidemiological and clinical determinants. It may be primarily a skin pathogen with less or no affinity toward the hair and nail.
The current epidemic of CRD may be primarily due to a pathogen with certain specific epidemiological and clinical determinants. It may be primarily a skin pathogen with less or no affinity toward the hair and nail.
-related overgrowth syndrome (PROS) is characterized by focal and disproportionate growth of acral body structures in a mosaic pattern with varied phenotypes. Clinical diagnostic criteria are available and testing of the mutation is recommended for diagnosis. Cutaneous features described in these conditions include epidermal nevi and vascular malformations which form part of the diagnostic criteria.

To detail the clinical profile of patients with presumptive PROS.

We conducted a retrospective study of 15 patients with focal overgrowth of the extremities or macrocephaly who presented to the department of dermatology at a tertiary care hospital in South India.

Data were collected through electronic medical records from July 2012 to April 2018 over 70 months. The criterion proposed by Keppler-Noreuil
. was used for classifying them as presumptive PROS in the absence of genetic studies.

Descriptive analysis.

There were nine males and six females; mean age of 12.10 years (range 8 months to 73 years) with clinical features consistent with PROS. There was a higher frequency of vascular malformations (9/15, 60%) and of epidermal nevi (7/15, 46.6%) than that reported in the literature. Unusual features included focal acrochordons, blaschkoid hypopigmentation and linear papillomatous growths in the oral mucosa.

This study provides data on the clinical features of patients with PROS from the Indian subcontinent. In resource-poor settings, clinical criteria may be adequate for diagnosis due to restricted accessibility of technically challenging diagnostic tests.
This study provides data on the clinical features of patients with PROS from the Indian subcontinent. In resource-poor settings, clinical criteria may be adequate for diagnosis due to restricted accessibility of technically challenging diagnostic tests.
Often quoted as "heaven on earth," Kashmir forms one of the two divisions of the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. A high-altitude region with abundant precipitation and snowfall, the people of Kashmir experience peculiar dermatoses not commonly seen in the majorly tropical subcontinent of India. In this study, we focussed on cold dermatoses as a comprehensive cluster and attempted to study them as a group.

To determine the prevalence of cold dermatoses in Kashmir valley and study their epidemiological characteristics.

This observational, cross-sectional community-based study was conducted on native Kashmiri population in three districts of the valley, exclusively during the winter season of the year 2016-17 and 2017-18. The data were tabulated and analyzed with Chi-square test for discrete variables and
-test for continuous variables, using OpenEpi. A
value of less than 0.05 was taken as significant.

The study included a total of 1200 cases with 602 males and 598 females. Perniosis was most commonly encountered dermatoses in our study with a prevalence of 12.2%. Frostbite had a prevalence of 0.83%. Raynaud's phenomenon and asteatotic eczema were seen in 1.5% and 1.67% of the population, respectively. Z-LEHD-FMK cell line Cold panniculitis, cold urticaria, and livedo reticularis were each seen in 0.08% of the population.

Cold dermatoses form an important source of morbidity among the native population of Kashmir. These can be easily prevented by ensuring adequate protection against cold. Creating awareness regarding these disorders and probable association with connective tissue disorders is also imperative.
Cold dermatoses form an important source of morbidity among the native population of Kashmir. These can be easily prevented by ensuring adequate protection against cold. Creating awareness regarding these disorders and probable association with connective tissue disorders is also imperative.
Topical steroids, the most widely prescribed drugs in dermatology are being increasingly misused.

This study was conducted to assess knowledge and practices regarding the use of topical steroids and to analyze prescriptions containing topical steroids.

Following approval from the institutional ethics committee, participants were recruited as per the selection criteria and divided into those treated in the institution and those having outside prescription. They were administered a pre-validated questionnaire to assess knowledge and practices regarding the use of topical steroids.

Comparison of awareness between two patient categories was done using Chi-square test. Prescription variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Significance of
value was set at 0.05.

Out of 400 patients, 167 had external prescriptions whereas 233 were institutional patients. Only 5.5% of all patients knew about the type of drug prescribed whereas 31.25% were aware of the indication. A total of 33.75% of the patients knew topical steroids required a prescription and 5.
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