Notes

Roux-en-Y abdominal sidestep since revisional surgery.
A 24-year-old woman, known to be human immunodeficiency virus positive for 6 years, presented with an itchy rash on the body. She had dull erythematous to hyperpigmented scaly plaques over the body, with extensor predominance. Inflammatory papules and nodules were noted on the face. Follicular hyperkeratotic papules were seen on the shins, giving a "nutmeg grater" feel. All her nails were dystrophic. selleck kinase inhibitor Histopathology was consistent with the clinical diagnosis of pityriasis rubra pilaris. CD4 counts had dropped to 192 cells/μl, so she was started on antiretroviral therapy along with acitretin to which she responded well within 2 months.
Half of all new HIV infections occur in young people(15-24years). Unfortunately, the study on the sexual behaviour pattern in these age group is lacking.

It is retrospective, cross sectional study assessing adolescent and youth between 10 to 24 years presenting to STD clinic in a tertiary health care centre as a part of their risk assessment.

Adolescent and youth were a total of 17.13%(165) amongst 963 STD clinic attendees. The male to female ratio was 8481. The mean age for male±1SD was 21.17±2.26 years and for female±1SD was 20.54±2.37 years. Around 47.27% (78) were students at various levels of education. Earliest onset of sexual activity was at 14 years. Risky sexual behaviour was reported in 75.75% clients. Onset of sexual activity was earlier in females with 24.6% having sex before the age of 18 years as compared to 15.4% in males. Condom use was poor. Around 63% had heard of HIV or AIDS.

The young being a vulnerable age group, education on safe sex, condom use and other protective measures should be strengthened.
The young being a vulnerable age group, education on safe sex, condom use and other protective measures should be strengthened.
Diarrhea is one of the major complications occurring in over 90% of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals in developing countries. Coccidian group of parasitic infections remain the standout opportunistic pathogens in many parts of the world.

The objective was to understand the profile of diarrheagenic parasites in HIV/AIDS patients along with analysis of the changing trends in the profile of parasitic diarrhea with special context to coccidian parasitic infections.

A cross-sectional study was performed at "ID CENTRE FOR NORTHEAST," Shillong, from January 2014 to October 2017. Stool samples collected were observed microscopically for parasites both on direct and concentrated stool samples under ×10 and ×40 magnification. Modified acid-fast staining was used for the detection of coccidian parasites. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS software, Version 24.0.

The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was 40.99%, coccidian parasitic infection accounted for 85.13% of total intestinal parasitic infections.
was the most common cause of diarrhea (70.64%), followed by
(23.81%) and
spp. (5.55%). Trend analysis of coccidian etiology during the study revealed a significant rise in the positivity of
spp. and a decrease in the
infection. The common noncoccidian parasites identified include hookworm (8.1%) followed by
(4.7%).

The magnitude of parasitic infections is considerably high among the HIV/AIDS patients in Northeast India, and it is essential for screening and periodic monitoring of all the HIV patients for coccidian parasites by stool microscopy.
The magnitude of parasitic infections is considerably high among the HIV/AIDS patients in Northeast India, and it is essential for screening and periodic monitoring of all the HIV patients for coccidian parasites by stool microscopy.
Cognizance about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) among the community is still lacking. Seldom studies done in tribal area and to indentify the awareness about HIV/AIDS among the adolescent tribal students in Jawadhu hills of Tamil Nadu, with the objectives includes on social, demographical, and knowledge about HIV/AIDS were taken. For primary data, survey method and secondary data from various literatures gathered.

Schedule tribe adolescent students, between the age groups of 13-21 years, from 8
to 12
standard, exclusively from Vellore and Tiruvannamalai educational districts, were taken, by applying STRATA method.

A total of 938 students from various tribal schools participated. Amongst them, 507 (54%) were males and 431 (46%) were females. Half of the respondents (50%) agreed that blood transfusion, intravenous drug use, and sharing infected needles are the major modes of transmission. Nearly 35% agreed that HIV/AIDS is transmitted by hugging, tattamps about the HIV/AIDS.
In many developing countries with a significant proportion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients are women of child-bearing age and would require antiretroviral therapy. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on some specific clotting profile in HIV-positive pregnant women.

This study comprised 150 patients consisting of 50 blood samples from pregnant women on HAART as test subjects, 50 pregnant HIV-positive women that were not on HAART as test subjects, and 50 pregnant HIV-negative women which served as controls. The test subjects were attending the prevention of mother-to-child transmission Clinic at the Central Hospital, Benin City. Specific clotting factors assayed were factors 11, V, V11, V111, 1X, X, X1, and X11. All were done using ELISA methods.

Factors 11 and V were reduced significantly in HIV-infected pregnant women on HAART and those not on HAART (
< 0.05) when compared with HIV-negative pregnant women. A significant increase in factors V11, V111, 1X, X, and X11 were observed in HIV-positive patients on HAART and those not on HAART when compared with HIV-negative pregnant women (
< 0.05). However, when HIV-positive patients on HAART were compared to HIV-positive women not on HAART, no statistical difference were observed (
> 0.005).

There are changes in clotting profile of HIV-positive women on HAART and on those not on HAART and these changes are not due to the administration of antiretroviral therapy.
There are changes in clotting profile of HIV-positive women on HAART and on those not on HAART and these changes are not due to the administration of antiretroviral therapy.
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