Notes

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Aglaonema hookerianum Schott is an ethnomedicinally important plant used to treat a variety of diseases, including sexual and depression-like disorders. However, the scientific basis underlying the aforesaid properties have not been well justified.

The present investigation aimed to investigate the anxiolytic, antidepressant and aphrodisiac potentials of methanol leaves extract of A. hookerianum (MEAH) in Swiss albino mice.

Swiss albino mice (20-30g) were orally administrated with MEAH at the doses ranging from 100 to 400mg/kg, b.w. The elevated plus maze (EPM) and hole board test (HBT) were performed to determine the anxiolytic activity and the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were performed to determine the antidepressant activity of MEAH. Besides, the aphrodisiac activity of MEAH was conducted through the mounting behaviour and orientation behaviour analysis. Diazepam (1mg/kg, b.w., i.p.) for EPM and HBT; fluoxetine HCl (20mg/kg, b.w., p.o.) for FST and TST, and sildenafil (5mg/kg, b.w., p.o.) for the mounting behaviour analysis and orientation behaviour analysis were used as reference drugs.

The administration of the MEAH produced a strong (p<0.001) dose-dependent anxiolytic effects in both HBT and EPM tests. Likewise, the extract revealed a significant (p<0.001) reduction in the immobility time in both FST and TST as compared to the control group. CP-690550 concentration Besides, the MEAH also found to possess marked aphrodisiac activity complying several facets such as an increase in the sexual performance at the highest dose (400mg/kg, p.o.) as well as the orientation toward female mice (p<0.001) at all tested doses.

Taken together, MEAH can be recommended as a potent source of neuroprotective and a libido-boosting drug candidate for the management of neurological and sexual disorders.
Taken together, MEAH can be recommended as a potent source of neuroprotective and a libido-boosting drug candidate for the management of neurological and sexual disorders.
Plectranthus madagascariensis (Pers.) Benth. is an indigenous aromatic South African plant species that are traditionally used to treat various dermatological and respiratory ailments.

Three varieties of P. madagascariensis exist in South Africa, namely, Plectranthus aliciae (Codd) van Jaarsv. & T.J. Edwards, Plectranthus ramosior (Benth.) Van Jaarsv. and Plectranthus madagascariensis (Pers.) Benth var. madagascariensis. This article summarizes the documented ethnobotanical uses and research which has been conducted to date on the chemical constituents and biological effects of P. madagascariensis and its varieties. This review aimed to investigate and highlight the lack scientific reports of the potential activity of these varieties based on their traditional usage and to emphasise the need for further investigation of the benefits of P. madagascariensis and its varieties.

Extensive database retrieval using platforms not limited to but including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and PubMed, was perform the extract of P. madagascariensis and its isolated compounds have displayed noteworthy anticancer potential, we recommend further investigation of pharmacokinetic studies to be included in future research.
No agreement has been reached regarding which bedside test is the most useful for the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in patients with diabetes. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the performance of bedside tests for the detection of PAD in individuals with diabetes.

MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were systematically searched for studies providing data on the diagnostic performance of bedside tests used for the detection of PAD in those with diabetes. A meta-analysis was performed to obtain pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of PAD.

A total of 18 studies, reporting on a total of 3016 limbs of diabetic patients, were included in our qualitative review. Of these, 11 studies (1543 limbs) were included in the meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy ankle-brachial pressure index (9 studies and 1368 limbs; sensitivity, 63.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 51.7%-73.9%]; specificity, 89.3% [95% CI, 81.1%-94.2%]); toe-brachial pressure index (3 studies and 221 limbs; sensitivity, 83.0% [95% CI, 59.1-94.3%]; specificity, 66.3% [95% CI, 41.3%-84.6%]); and tibial waveform assessment (4 studies and 397 limbs; sensitivity, 82.8% [95% CI, 73.3%-89.4%], specificity, 86.8% [95% CI, 75.5%-93.3%]). Overall, we found a high risk of bias across the studies, most frequently relating to patient selection and the lack of blinding.

The toe-brachial pressure index, pulse oximetry, and tibial arterial waveform assessment demonstrated some promise, warranting further investigation.
The toe-brachial pressure index, pulse oximetry, and tibial arterial waveform assessment demonstrated some promise, warranting further investigation.
We evaluated the therapeutic outcomes of embolotherapy for bone arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) affecting the extremities using ethanol, coils, and n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA).

We reviewed the data from 36 patients (18 males, 18 females; mean age 25years; age range, 1-64years) with bone AVMs affecting their extremities who had undergone embolotherapy using ethanol, coils, and NBCA from December 1996 to July 2019. Of the 36 patients, 19 had had pure bone AVMs and 17 mixed bone and soft tissue (MBS) AVMs. Embolotherapy was performed using direct puncture or a transvenous or an intra-arterial approach (range, 1-18 procedures; mean, 5 procedures). During the 178 embolotherapy procedures, ethanol was used in all 36 patients, except for 1. Coils were used in 14 patients, and NBCA and a lipiodol mixture in 9 patients. The therapeutic outcomes were evaluated by the clinical symptom response and the degree of devascularization on follow-up angiography or computed tomography. The major and minor complications were also evaluated.

The clinical success (cure or markedly improvement) rate of embolotherapy for pure bone AVMs was significantly better than that for the MBS AVMs (88% vs 18%; P< .001). The complete devascularization rate of the bone AVM component of the MBS AVMs was 71%; however, the cure rate of the MBS AVMs was 0% owing to the remaining soft tissue AVMs. Of the 36 patients, 12 experienced complications, including 11 minor (2 skin bullae formation and 10 transient peripheral nerve injury) and 1 major (longstanding nerve palsy).

Embolotherapy for bone AVMs affecting the extremities using ethanol, coils, and an NBCA mixture is effective and safe for the resolution or improvement of symptoms, especially in those with pure bone AVMs.
Embolotherapy for bone AVMs affecting the extremities using ethanol, coils, and an NBCA mixture is effective and safe for the resolution or improvement of symptoms, especially in those with pure bone AVMs.
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