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Method Development for Enteric Malware Recuperation through Major Sludge.
Phosphorus (P) has brought a series of environmental problems while benefiting mankind. To reclaim phosphorus from wastewater efficiently and conveniently, a novel magnetic adsorbent with aminated lignin/CeO2/Fe3O4 composites (AL-NH2@Fe3O4-Ce) possessing a high affinity to phosphate and easily separated from aqueous solutions was developed in this work. The characterization results revealed that Fe and Ce elements have been doped into the aminated lignin successfully. K03861 Batch experiment results convinced that the maximum phosphate adsorption capacity of AL-NH2@Fe3O4-Ce was 183.72 mg P/g at pH = 3, which was roughly 4.5 times greater than aminated lignin and 8.5 times greater than cerium oxide, respectively. The adsorption isotherm was fitted well by the Langmuir model, and the adsorption kinetics was in line with the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption thermodynamics indicated the adsorption process was spontaneous and naturally exothermic. Additionally, AL-NH2@Fe3O4-Ce exhibited high selectivity towards phosphate over common coexisting anions (Cl-, NO3-, HCO3-, SO42- and F-). After five consecutive cycles, the adsorption performance of AL-NH2@Fe3O4-Ce decreased by only 16% compared with the fresh adsorbent, indicating that AL-NH2@Fe3O4-Ce exhibited excellent recycling ability. The results of XPS analysis and batch experiments showed that the possible mechanisms were electrostatic attraction and inner-sphere complexation. The tailored interfacial chemistry affinity to phosphate as well as endowed magnetic property reveled AL-NH2@Fe3O4-Ce could be adopted as an up and coming adsorbent in phosphate removal process.The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) in groundwater could play an important role in the removal of contaminants by nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI). NOM has a heterogeneous structure and can be divided into 6 fractions based on polarity and charges hydrophobic acid (HPOA), hydrophobic base (HPOB), hydrophobic neutral (HPON), hydrophilic acid (HPIA), hydrophilic base (HPIB), and hydrophilic neutral (HPIN). The objective of this study was to evaluate the interactions between NOM fractions and NZVI using two approaches 1) the interaction between NOM fraction isolates and NZVI and 2) bulk NOM fractionation before and after reaction with NZVI. Two sources of NOM-groundwater (GWNOM), Khon Kaen, Thailand and Suwannee River NOM (SRNOM), USA-were examined. The isolated NOM had more interactions with NZVI at pH 5 compared to pH 7 and 9 for both GWNOM and SRNOM. HPOA of GWNOM had the highest adsorption capacity (qe) of 6.95 mg/g (pH 5), and that was also the case for HPIA of SRNOM (18.66 mg/g, pH 5). HPIN of both GWNOM and SRNOM yielded the lowest qe among the six fractions. The adsorption capacities of NOM fractions were well correlated with specific ultraviolet absorbance. Fluorescence excitation-emission spectra revealed that protein-like components preferentially reacted with NZVI. The results of bulk NOM fractionation after reacting with NZVI indicated that NOM not only adsorbed on NZVI but also reacted with NZVI and transformed to become more hydrophilic and neutral. This study's findings suggest that different NOM fractions had varying interactions with NZVI. The acid fractions tended to interact more than the other fractions. This work provides a deeper understanding of the reactivity between NOM and NZVI.The sudden surge in demand to use plastic products due to COVID-19 pandemic has increased plastic pollution. It has resulted into degradation of a broad range of habitats and ecosystems by destroying natural functions, water quality, and environmental sustainability. However, the government agencies, scientific communities, and the public, have started to give attention to this issue. So, in the present study, we used the correlation methods to check the relationship between COVID-19 affected population with the medical plastic waste (MPW) that has developed a conceptual model of the inter-linkages between the preventive measures of COVID-19 pandemic problems and the reduction challenges of plastic waste during and after pandemic scenarios. Emerging issues in the waste management during and after the COVID-19 are established by reviewing the literature, reports, policy briefs, and information from the website concerning COVID-19. Considering MPW management issues, we selected India as a case study to analyse the plastic waste footprint (PWF) due to COVID-19 pandemic. The correlation results showed COVID-19 affected population and MPW; COVID-19 affected population and PWF have a significant relationship (R2 = 0.60; Area under ROC curve 81.4%). It suggests an urgent need for plastic waste management initiatives. Moreover, substantial plastic products, human awareness, strict government regulations, and inclusive research can check plastic waste footprints in India and worldwide. Then discuss the specific pathways through which the immediate and long-term impacts operate and highlight the issues of hampering the sustainable development goals (SDGs) progress in India and beyond. Finally, call for coordinated assessment, support and appropriate short- and long-term mitigation and the policy measures of plastic waste problems during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.A year into the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the role of washing hands with soap and hand disinfectants is unavoidable as a primary way to control the infection spread in communities and healthcare facilities. The extraordinary surge in demand for handwashing products has led to environmental concerns. Since soaps are complex mixtures of toxic and persistent active ingredients, the prudent option is to promote eco-friendly replacements for the current products. On the other hand, with the increase in soap packaging waste production, soap packaging waste management and recycling become essential to reduce environmental impact. This systematic review aimed to collect some recent methods for identifying biodegradable and sustainable raw materials to produce and package cleaning agents, especially soap.Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used in livestock farming, with lethal effects on vultures when reaching high concentrations in the carcasses they feed on. There are evidences showing that it caused the decline of >95% of vultures of the Gyps genus in Southern Asia until its ban in 2006. In March 2013 two veterinary drugs containing diclofenac were authorized in Spain. The scientific and conservationist communities alerted on the foreseeable risks to European vulture populations based on previous experiences. Several risk assessments modelled the expected impact on vultures, and media campaigns were launched to ban the veterinary use of diclofenac. Here, we evaluate the situation of Spanish vultures after seven years (2013-2019) since the marketing authorisation of the veterinary use of diclofenac was granted. The present assessment takes into consideration the awareness measures adopted to avoid an inappropriate use of the drug, the results of the monitoring programs performed both for vultures and livestock in the wild and from toxicological tests, as well as the review of the published models on the expected mortality of vultures.
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